Auris擁有40%引擎熱效率 這「黑科技」 - 汽車
By Tristan Cohan
at 2018-08-01T00:09
at 2018-08-01T00:09
Table of Contents
https://www.gq.com.tw/gadget/auto/content-36828.html
【GQ汽車教室】Toyota的Auris擁有40%引擎熱效率 這「黑科技」到底是什麼意思?
前陣子到大鵬灣試駕Toyota Auris,此車如何?有大量媒體報導,在此不再贅述,倒是看
見一個亮點,那就是熱效率。
根據資料,Auris的M20A-FKS引擎熱效率竟然高達40%!這引擎自去年新一代Camry身上初
登場,引發業界一陣嘩然,到底引擎熱效率是什麼東東?為什麼光是40%這個數字就讓同
業如此忌憚?(2015年底Honda的第10代喜美所搭載的引擎擁有38%熱效率,當時已技驚四
座,沒想到紀綠在2年後被Toyota再次超越)
熱效率代表什麼意思?就是燃油轉化成動力的比率,如果說,該引擎熱效率為30%,就表示
有70%燃油都浪費掉了,熱效率越高,對你、對我、對北極熊,對任何人都是好事。 熱效
率與動力技術息息相關,而技術則是與時俱增。1930年代最夯的汽車Bentley 8 Litre引
擎排氣量7983c.c,最大馬力200~230匹,換成現在,排氣量四分之一的渦輪增壓引擎就能
輸出同樣動力,更別說兩者之間的油耗與排汙差異。
或許你會問,為什麼老子加的油只有30-40%被用在動力上?其它油都耗到什麼地方去了?
冷卻、排氣以及車上其他非動力的系統,都會消耗車子的燃油,而熱效率這個數據在於告
訴你一個驚人的事實,100公升汽油,有30公升用在推動輪子這件事上就已經算表現不錯
了!!!
邁入21世紀,汽油引擎熱效率普遍提升至30%,厲害的大約35%,Toyota的40%熱效率如何
橫空出世?
根據Toyota公布資料,可以歸類出幾項重點:
1.汽門夾角加大+進氣道直線化,進氣效率優化。
2.汽門座施以雷射熔覆,藉以增加強度。
3.缸內直噴與岐管噴射組合成D-4S供油系統,低、中、高轉速都能得到良好供油。
4.長行程設計,強調引擎扭力。
還有高壓縮比、電動水泵浦、低阻抗機件…有趣的是,這些族繁不及備載的引擎設計”
沒有一項是全新發明”,日本工程師就是可以認真組合出驚人成效(相信是熬夜爆肝得來
的)。聽不懂沒關係,簡單來說就是盡了一切努力來把燃油的使用效率提升,
被稱為黑科技的熱效率40%只是個起點,2年內,TNGA(Toyota New Global Architecture)
世代的Dynamic Force引擎熱效率都會來到40%,甚至高達50%!
當然買車不是去市場買菜,不是說光是熱效率40%就跟你說買神車好棒棒,這篇文章的目
的是想告訴大家注意一件事;內燃機還有許多尚待成長的空間,就像人類的大腦一樣,天
才與庸才的差異就在於大腦潛能被開發多少。當新制空汙法吵得沸沸揚揚,世界各國紛紛
推出抑制燃油動力的新法規,我們為何不反過頭來提升熱效率?當所有引擎熱效率來到40%
、50%、60%...而且能通過下一波環保法規,就不必擔心燃油動力走入歷史。
而這也許是Toyota堅持不斷推動其Hybrid動力,而沒有加碼押注在純電車市場的原因之一
,它們認為10年內油電混合仍會是銷售主力之一,這句話從全球第二大的汽車商(截至
2017年)嘴裡喊出來,看得出來它們有信心,再讓內燃機這可愛但又麻煩的玩意,多存活
一陣子的。
討論:
當內燃機效率高到40%甚至50%,發展電動車幹嘛?
台電106年的熱效率44%,扣掉廠內用電3.55%及線路損失3.82%,只剩36.63%!
除了北歐國家,電動車一點也不環保,只有噱頭,因為跟人不一樣,
尤其是台灣這種火力(而且是燃煤!)為主的地區,更加不適合電動車。
除非核能+綠能成為大宗,
但台灣玩不起綠能,卻又不增加核能,根本把電動車推向死路,
只能靠汽車廠生產環保內燃機,救環境。
--
燃煤便宜不環保,燃氣貴又不環保,
綠能環保但很貴,核能便宜又環保。
--
【GQ汽車教室】Toyota的Auris擁有40%引擎熱效率 這「黑科技」到底是什麼意思?
前陣子到大鵬灣試駕Toyota Auris,此車如何?有大量媒體報導,在此不再贅述,倒是看
見一個亮點,那就是熱效率。
根據資料,Auris的M20A-FKS引擎熱效率竟然高達40%!這引擎自去年新一代Camry身上初
登場,引發業界一陣嘩然,到底引擎熱效率是什麼東東?為什麼光是40%這個數字就讓同
業如此忌憚?(2015年底Honda的第10代喜美所搭載的引擎擁有38%熱效率,當時已技驚四
座,沒想到紀綠在2年後被Toyota再次超越)
熱效率代表什麼意思?就是燃油轉化成動力的比率,如果說,該引擎熱效率為30%,就表示
有70%燃油都浪費掉了,熱效率越高,對你、對我、對北極熊,對任何人都是好事。 熱效
率與動力技術息息相關,而技術則是與時俱增。1930年代最夯的汽車Bentley 8 Litre引
擎排氣量7983c.c,最大馬力200~230匹,換成現在,排氣量四分之一的渦輪增壓引擎就能
輸出同樣動力,更別說兩者之間的油耗與排汙差異。
或許你會問,為什麼老子加的油只有30-40%被用在動力上?其它油都耗到什麼地方去了?
冷卻、排氣以及車上其他非動力的系統,都會消耗車子的燃油,而熱效率這個數據在於告
訴你一個驚人的事實,100公升汽油,有30公升用在推動輪子這件事上就已經算表現不錯
了!!!
邁入21世紀,汽油引擎熱效率普遍提升至30%,厲害的大約35%,Toyota的40%熱效率如何
橫空出世?
根據Toyota公布資料,可以歸類出幾項重點:
1.汽門夾角加大+進氣道直線化,進氣效率優化。
2.汽門座施以雷射熔覆,藉以增加強度。
3.缸內直噴與岐管噴射組合成D-4S供油系統,低、中、高轉速都能得到良好供油。
4.長行程設計,強調引擎扭力。
還有高壓縮比、電動水泵浦、低阻抗機件…有趣的是,這些族繁不及備載的引擎設計”
沒有一項是全新發明”,日本工程師就是可以認真組合出驚人成效(相信是熬夜爆肝得來
的)。聽不懂沒關係,簡單來說就是盡了一切努力來把燃油的使用效率提升,
被稱為黑科技的熱效率40%只是個起點,2年內,TNGA(Toyota New Global Architecture)
世代的Dynamic Force引擎熱效率都會來到40%,甚至高達50%!
當然買車不是去市場買菜,不是說光是熱效率40%就跟你說買神車好棒棒,這篇文章的目
的是想告訴大家注意一件事;內燃機還有許多尚待成長的空間,就像人類的大腦一樣,天
才與庸才的差異就在於大腦潛能被開發多少。當新制空汙法吵得沸沸揚揚,世界各國紛紛
推出抑制燃油動力的新法規,我們為何不反過頭來提升熱效率?當所有引擎熱效率來到40%
、50%、60%...而且能通過下一波環保法規,就不必擔心燃油動力走入歷史。
而這也許是Toyota堅持不斷推動其Hybrid動力,而沒有加碼押注在純電車市場的原因之一
,它們認為10年內油電混合仍會是銷售主力之一,這句話從全球第二大的汽車商(截至
2017年)嘴裡喊出來,看得出來它們有信心,再讓內燃機這可愛但又麻煩的玩意,多存活
一陣子的。
討論:
當內燃機效率高到40%甚至50%,發展電動車幹嘛?
台電106年的熱效率44%,扣掉廠內用電3.55%及線路損失3.82%,只剩36.63%!
除了北歐國家,電動車一點也不環保,只有噱頭,因為跟人不一樣,
尤其是台灣這種火力(而且是燃煤!)為主的地區,更加不適合電動車。
除非核能+綠能成為大宗,
但台灣玩不起綠能,卻又不增加核能,根本把電動車推向死路,
只能靠汽車廠生產環保內燃機,救環境。
--
燃煤便宜不環保,燃氣貴又不環保,
綠能環保但很貴,核能便宜又環保。
--
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