「電動車」八年內可能取代傳統引擎 - 汽車
By Anthony
at 2017-05-31T06:39
at 2017-05-31T06:39
Table of Contents
原文連結:
https://www.kingautos.net/144978
原文內容:
「內燃機」末日將近? 「電動車」八年內可能取代傳統引擎
近年來電動車產業發展蓬勃,電池技術也持續改善當中,不可否認電動車已經成為了
一股趨勢。史丹佛大學的經濟學家Tony Seba在最近的一份報告當中,就指出2025年
左右,也就是大約八年的時間,內燃機引擎就會完全被電動車取代。這位經濟學家在
這份名為Rethinking Transportation 2020-2030的報告當中直言「我們現在正處於
一個歷史上最快、規模最大、最深入的運輸工具變革期間。」從許多面向來看,
Tony Seba也的確所言不假,但是從目前全球市場電動車僅1-2%的市占率來看,內燃
機引擎真的會這麼快的被取代嗎?
根據這份研究報告的內容,全球各地區的政府將會陸續在2035年以前逐步禁止販售使
用內燃機引擎的交通工具。而在2-3年後,電池技術的進展大概足以讓絕大多數電動
車的續航力達到至少320公里以上的程度,同時隨著經濟規模的擴張以及越來越多廠
商的投入,電動車的成本將會降至3萬美元上下,此時就會是市場翻轉的轉捩點。報
告內提到「根據成本趨勢曲線的預測,在2025年左右所有新上市的交通工具都會是電
動車,包括乘用車、巴士、卡車,甚至是農用的牽引機等等。」這主要是因為電動車
簡單的結構使得維護成本比內燃機引擎車輛還要低十倍以上,至於大家擔心的電池,
到時候壽命、穩定性以及成本都會更低,屆時對於市場上的製造商來說,生產內燃機
引擎將不符合成本與經濟效益。這樣的情況就與當年相機產業從傳統底片相機轉換為
數位單眼相機的時候相當類似。
從Tony Seba提供的數字來看,傳統內燃機引擎的能源效率大約只有17-21%,但是電
動車的能源效率卻可以高達90-95%。另外,一輛內燃機汽車大約有2,000個以上的活
動零組件,但是以《Tesla Model S》來說,全車的活動零組件僅有18個,這使得電
動車在後續保養維護上擁有極大的優勢。同時,在成本降低以後,由於電動馬達的高
效率與高輸出,消費者將能夠以相對低廉的價格購買到性能非凡的電動車,使得無論
是傳統的平價車款和高階跑車都無法和電動車競爭。這樣的消息對於大部分的熱血車
迷來說絕對是個重大打擊,但是內燃機應該不至於完全消失,而是會轉為鎖定特定族
群的「玩具」性質。對於這位經濟學家的報告有興趣的讀者可以點擊連結 下載該報
告的PDF檔案,或者點擊下方影片看看這位講師在史丹佛大學授課時的內容。
==============================================================================
這位史丹佛經濟學家的研究還蠻大膽的,認為2025年時所有新上市車輛都會是電動車
實際狀況會如何只有等待時間來驗證
沒人能肯定說一定會成真或一定不會成真
就像文章中提到的例子,傳統底片相機跟數位單眼,轉換的時間也比人們預料的要快很多
雖然現在還是有人堅持使用底片、沖洗實體照片,不過已經變成相對極少數
iPhone的發表也不過才是10年前的事情
那時候的人們也沒想到功能性手機市佔率會消退的這樣快
文章中寫到的內燃機汽車有約2000個活動零組件,而Model S只有18個
這真的是一個非常誇張的對比
電動車取代燃油車不僅汽車製造商要傷腦筋
更傷腦筋的應該是汽車保修廠
很有可能因為電動車日漸增加而生意一落千丈甚至倒閉...
--
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