原來酒精對汽油增壓車真的是好物 - 福特
By Franklin
at 2023-04-15T00:24
at 2023-04-15T00:24
Table of Contents
知名的Youtuber Engineering Explained 剛剛出了一個新影片解釋了
酒精(乙醇)混汽油與純汽油之間的差異:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_DQPLihXfo
以下整理聽到的重點給大家參考:
1. 純汽油在理想空燃比14.7:1的情況下燃燒1kg與
純酒精在理想空燃比9:1的燃燒情況下,兩者產生的能量差不多
(純汽油12.21kWh v.s. 純酒精12.17kWh),因此在此階段,酒精的燃料消費更快。
2. 不過酒精的化學特性及冷卻效果比汽油更好,純酒精的研究法辛烷值為109,
酒精含量在拉高到E30~E40之後,辛烷值增加的幅度就縮小了。
因此如果在壓縮比可變的情況下,引擎的壓縮比可以拉的更高,且不會產生爆震。
更不用說酒精作為燃料所為汽缸帶來的額外冷卻效果。
(缸內直噴效果會比岐管噴射更好)
3. 酒精比汽油冷卻效果更好的原因在於燃料本身的汽化熱不同
(汽化熱為燃料從液態變氣態時,每單位質量所需要的熱量),
純汽油的汽化熱為305kJ/kg,而純酒精的汽化熱為885kJ/kg
再加上前面第一點所提到的理想空燃比的因素考慮下,
純汽油的燃料混合氣為19.4kJ/kg,純酒精則是88.5kJ/kg,兩者相差4.56倍
因此在理論上最大冷卻溫度為降低19°C與81°C的差別(純汽油/純酒精的差異)。
由於這種燃料差異帶來的冷卻效應,使得酒精對引擎本身來說的辛烷值更高,
這意味著引擎的點火正時可以更提前、更大的增壓值、更高的壓縮比。
(代表更高的功率輸出以及更好的引擎熱效率)
4. 福特曾經拿F150的3.5L的V6 ECOBOOST引擎做過E10及E85的比較實驗,
在5000rpm的情況下,E10的BMEP為9.9bar
(最大制動有效壓力,可簡單理解為每公升產生的扭矩),
換算後約為190HP、200lb-ft,而E85的BMEP來到驚人的19.5bar,
換算後約為380HP、400lb-ft。此實驗還做了其他研究,
在不減少空燃比(加濃燃料混合氣)的條件下,E10的RON 91引擎壓縮比只能10:1
而E85的RON 108引擎壓縮比可以來到13:1。
在引擎熱效率方面,E85比E10改善10~34%(E10增加酒精濃度到E30的區間增加最多)
而最有趣的地方在於,實驗結果顯示,E10增加到E20的情況下,
引擎熱效率增加的幅度大於燃料密度的損失,因此引擎油耗約為1%的增幅。
最後,在美國,大家的經驗是RON 91的E10的油耗比E0還差,則是因為美國的E10是
用RON 87的E0+10%酒精變成RON 91的E10的。
最後想請問一下各位,小弟的SWIFT SPORT引擎蓋內的貼紙寫點火正時為TDC 5±10°
車主手冊寫燃油要RON 95以上的,酒精汽油最高可以用到E10。
理論上來說可以用到多高的辛烷值?
(中油網站寫每提前點火角度2度,辛烷值可提昇0.5~1)
平常都是加台北市的中油直營E3酒精汽油或COSTCO的98兩種,油耗差異很小。
謝謝大家的收看!
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福特
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