各大汽車品牌的車身剛性數據 總整理 - 汽車
By Bethany
at 2016-07-30T12:07
at 2016-07-30T12:07
Table of Contents
全球各大車廠車身剛性數據一覽表(Torsional Rigidity)，在此分享。
(圖) 新Volvo V90 車體材料結構圖，大量使用高張力鋼材，所佔比例很高
http://i.imgur.com/MZUUCDu.jpg (source: Volvo)
(內文比較長，網頁版比較方便閱讀
PTT網頁圖文版 https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/car/M.1469851678.A.2E0.html )
先說幾個心得
1. 相同車系，轎車剛性 > 天窗版&旅行車 >> 敞篷車
◇以Saab 9-3為例，(2008-2012年)
轎車22,000 > 旅行車 20,548 > 敞篷車11,500 Nm/deg
剛性分別相差了6.4%和47.7%。
◇BMW F25 X3 30,000 (無天窗); 26,000 (有天窗)，剛性相差13.4%。
◇VW Passat 旅行車 (B8,2014-) 25,000
VW Passat 轎車(B8) 30,000，轎車和旅行車的剛性相差18%。
◇Ferrari 458 33,120和Ferrari 458 Spider敞篷 23,184，
458 coupe和敞篷的剛性相差30%。
2. 同型車，性能款的剛性 > 普通款
◇以Golf 5代為例，Golf GTI的剛性比普通款強36%，差距很大。
(25,000 vs 18,400 Nm/deg)
2. 三門掀背車的剛性 > 五門掀背
◇Ford Focus 三門 19,600 vs 五門 17,900Nm/deg，剛性相差8.7%。
◇另以Golf 4代為例，3門款的剛性比5門強11%。(19,600 vs 17,600 Nm/deg)
4. 加裝防滾籠，能有效提升車體剛性。
(圖) 新Mazda MX-5 CUP，有加裝防滾籠，能提升剛性
http://i.imgur.com/3e1Ox8A.jpg
(source: DSPORT Magazine)
5. 某些知名超跑的剛性不一定比平價車款強。
例如同一時期的 Lamborghini Gallardo(2003~2008) 23,000 就輸給Mazda RX-8
(2003~2012) 30,000Nm/deg，剛性相差23%。
6. 全部車款當中，剛性最強的是瑞典超跑Koenigsegg Agera R，高達65,000Nm/deg，
它的剛性是Ferrari 458 近兩倍 (33,120Nm/deg)。
轎車中，剛性最強的是勞斯萊斯 Phantom和賓士W222 S-Class，高達40,500 Nm/deg，
贏過賓利Flying Spur (2013) 36,500 Nm/deg，相差11%。
(圖) Koenigsegg Agera R是全球剛性最強的車，數據高達65,000 Nm/deg
http://i.imgur.com/wojvgOF.jpg
(圖) 勞斯萊斯Phantom，它和賓士W222 S-Class的剛性是所有轎車中最強的，
高達40,500 Nm/deg，還贏過賓利11%。
http://i.imgur.com/HTqGEOP.jpg (source: netcarshow.com)
7. 某些敞篷車的剛性只有正常款式的一半，甚至更低，
◇例如Porsche 911 Turbo 996 (27,000 vs 11,600敞篷)，剛性相差高達57%。
◇Audi TT Coupe Mk1 19,000，TT Roadster 敞篷 Mk1 10,000，兩者剛性相差47%。
8. 高剛性 ≠ 高安全性
除了車身剛性以外，潰縮設計和分散衝擊力的設計也很重要。
新Volvo XC90撞擊測試第一名，但它的剛性數據並不是同級車最強的。
◇ 高剛性 ≠ 操控性
Alfa Romeo 159車體剛性比上一代Alfa 156強了近3倍，但Alfa 159操控退步，
評價大不如Alfa 156。
9. 車廠的用心程度，可以讓新世代車身剛性大進步
◇從數據中也能看到BMW世代交替的進步，BMW F世代的車身剛性比E世代晚期增強許多。
(圖右) BMW六系列，前後兩代剛性數據比較圖，F13世代的剛性比E63大幅增強65%。
F13(2011-) vs E63(2004-2010)
http://i.imgur.com/JPcqNUj.jpg
◇Mazda Skyactiv世代，車體有60%是高張力鋼材，大幅提升剛性。
(圖) Mazda CX-5車體結構圖，剛性27,000 Nm/deg。
Skyactiv世代大量使用高張力鋼材，比例達60%。
http://i.imgur.com/ofb59gp.jpg
(source: Mazda)
10. 同集團的平價品牌的車身剛性不一定輸給高級品牌
例如Golf六代 25,000，車身剛性超越同時期的Audi A4(B8) 23,100。
(圖) Golf 六代車體結構圖，剛性已經超越同時期的Audi A4
http://i.imgur.com/54MO92J.jpg
(source: Volkswagen AG)
◇以下是各車廠車身剛性數據總整理 (Torsional Rigidity, Nm/deg)(增訂二版)◇
這是由youwheel.com整理，絕大部份的資料是來自車廠公佈數據和雜誌報導，
一小部份是第三方單位的數據。
另外有幾種車款的數據是我增列的，來源大部份是網路上的原廠資料，
少部份是外國汽車論壇。
Alfa Romeo
Alfa Romeo 147 3-door (2000–2010) 16,600 Nm/deg
Alfa Romeo 156 (1997–2007) 11,000
Alfa Romeo 159 (2004–2011) 31,400
Alfa Romeo 164 (1988-1998) 17,500
Alfa Romeo 166 (1998-2008) 24,500
Alfa Romeo Brera (2005-2010) 38,400
Alfa Romeo GTV (1995-2005) 17,500
Alfa Romeo spider (2006-2010) -關蓬 13,000
Alfa Romeo spider -開蓬 11,200
(圖) Alfa Romeo 159的車身剛性大勝同時期的同級對手，
甚至贏過比它晚了8年上市的BMW F30 3系列。
http://i.imgur.com/KKBxBMu.jpg
Aston Martin
Aston Martin DB9 Convertible 15,500
Aston Martin DB9 Coupe (2004–2016) 27,000
Aston Martin Rapide (2010–) 28,000
Aston Martin Vantage Roaster (2006- ) 21,000
Aston Martin Vantage Coupe (2005- ) 27,273
Aston Martin Vanquish 28,500
Audi
Audi A2 11,900 Nm/deg
Audi A4 (B7, 2005–2008) 22,000
Audi A4 (B8, 2009–2015) 23,100
Audi A8 (D2, 1997–2003) 25,000
Audi A8 (D3, 2004–2010) 36,000
Audi A8 (D4, 2011–) 38,230
Audi R8 (2006-2015) 低於28,570 (新R8剛性提升40%以上)
Audi R8 (2015– ) 40,000
Audi TT Coupe Mk1 (1998–2006) 19,000
Audi TT Coupe Mk2 (2006–2014) 28,500
Audi TT Coupe Mk3 (2014–) 35,050 (比上一代提升23%)
Audi TT Roadster Mk1 10,000
Audi Q5 (2009- ) 26,600
Audi Q7 (4L, 2005-2015) 23,357 (新款比舊款強40%)
Audi Q7 (4M, 2015- ) 32,700 (https://is.gd/yOPQYh )
(圖) Audi A6車體結構圖，比上一代新增一些結構體以提升剛性。
http://i.imgur.com/5HwYzaK.jpg
(source: Audi AG)
Bentley
Bentley Azure (2006-2009) 18,000
Bentley Flying Spur (2013) 36,500
BMW
BMW Z1 >5600
BMW E30 M3 (賽車特製版,有防滾籠) 23,500
BMW E36 3-Series Sedan ~10,000
BMW E36 M3 (1992-1999) 10,900
BMW E36 Z3 (1995-2002) 5,600
BMW E39 5-Series (1995-2003) 15,152
BMW E39 M5 24,000
BMW E46 Convertible 10,500
BMW E46 Coupe (w/folding seats) 12,500
BMW E46 Sedan (w/folding seats) 13,000
BMW E46 Sedan (w/o folding seats) 18,000
BMW E46 Wagon (w/folding seats) 14,000
BMW E46 M3 GTR (有防滾籠) 46,000
BMW E60 5-Series 24,200 (16,250 JLR的測試數據)
BMW E63 6-Series Coupe (2004-2010) 28,000
BMW E64 6-Series Convertible (2004-2010) 15,000
BMW E53 X5 (1999 - 2006) 23,100
BMW E70 X5 (2007 - 2013) 28,000
BMW E83 X3 21,400 (w/o 沒有全景天窗); 19,000 (w/ 有全景天窗)
BMW E85 Z4 (2002- 2008) 16,000
BMW E85 Z4 Coupe 32,000
BMW E85 Z4 M 16,000
BMW E85 Z4 M Coupe 32,000
BMW E52 Z8 (1999-2003) 10,500
BMW E90 3-Series (2005-2012) 22,500
BMW E90 3-Series Convertible 15,750
BMW F07 5GT 31,500 (無天窗); 27,500 (有天窗)
BMW F10 5-Series (2011- ) 37,500
BMW F12 6-Series Convertible 22,500
BMW F13 6-Series Coupe (2011- ) 43,000
BMW F15 X5 (2013 -) 29,400
BMW F25 X3 30,000 (無天窗); 26,000 (有天窗)
BMW F30 3-Series (2012- ) 29,300
BMW F80 M3 40,000
BMW E65 7-Series (2002–2008) 31,200
BMW F01 7-Series (2009–2015) 37,500
Bugatti
Bugatti EB110 19,000 Nm/deg
Bugatti Veyron 60,000
Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport 22,000
Bugatti Chiron 預定50,000
Cadillac
Cadillac ATS (2013–) 29,000
Cadillac CTS Sedan (2008–2013) 19,143
Cadillac CTS Sport Wagon (2012–2014) 18,416 (wagon比轎車版弱3.8%)
Cadillac CTS (2014–) 26,800
Chevrolet
Chevrolet Corvette C7 (2014–) 14,500
Chevrolet Malibu (8th-gen, 2013–2016) 23,000 (w/o moonroof)
Chevrolet Malibu (9th-gen, 2016 -) 23,600 (w moonroof)
Citroen
Citroen 2CV (1948-1990) ~3,000 Nm/deg
Citroen ZX (1991-1998) 7,200
Citroen C6 (2006-2012) 22,665
Chrysler
Chrysler 300 (LX platform, 2005–2010) 17,897 Nm/deg
Dodge
Dodge Neon (1st gen, 1995–1999) 6,000
Dodge Neon (2nd gen, 2000–2005) 8,300
Dodge SRT Viper (2013–) 11,400
Ferrari
Ferrari 355 (1994–1999) 10,000
Ferrari 360 Modena (1999–2005) 23,000
Ferrari 360 Spider 13,800
Ferrari 430 (2004–2009) 27,600
Ferrari 430 Convertible 10,200
Ferrari 458 (2009–2015) 33,120
Ferrari 458 Spider 23,184 (70% of the Coupe)
Ferrari 488 Spider 約28,980 (488比458敞篷剛性提升約25%)
Ferrari 550 Barchetta Pininfarina (2000) 14,711
Ferrari F50 (1995–1997) 34,600
FIAT
FIAT Bravo (2007-2014) 10,800
FIAT Tempra Sedan (1990-1996) 6,700
FIAT Brava (1995-2001) 9,100
Fiat Tipo (1988-1995) 7,200
Fiat 500L (2012- ) 19,500
Fisker超跑
Fisker Karma (2011-2012) 35,000
Ford
Ford Escort Cosworth (1992–1996) ~4,500
Ford Fiesta 3-door (3rd gen, 1989–1997) 6,500
Ford Fiesta (2008- ) 10,100
Ford B-Max (2012- ) 10,250
Ford Focus 5D (Mk1) 17,900
Ford Focus 3D (Mk1) 19,600
Ford Focus 5D (Mk2,2004-2010) 19,500
Ford Focus 3D (Mk2,2004-2010) 22,500
Ford Focus 5D (Mk3,2010- ) 24,375 (比上一代增強25%)
Ford Fusion (2010–2012) 17,453
Ford Fusion (美規Mondeo,2013–) 19,286
Ford GT (2004–2010) 27,100
Ford GT40 MkI 17,000
Ford Mustang 2003 16,000
Ford Mustang 2005 21,000
Honda
Honda Accord Sedan (2008–2012, 8代) 16,440 (實測), 21,667 (CAE電腦模擬)
Honda Accord Sedan (2013–, 9代) 23,345
Honda Civic Hatchback (1996–2000) (6th-Gen, EK) 10,700
Honda S2000 (1st-Gen, AP1) 7,100
Hyundai
Hyundai Sonata (2006–2010) 14,600
Hyundai i40/Sonata (US market) (2011–) 35,300
Hyundai Genesis Sedan (2009–2014) 33,966
Hyundai Genesis Sedan (2015- ) 39,400
Infiniti
Infiniti G Sedan (2007–2013) 23,000
Jaguar
Jaguar F-Type Convertible (2014–) 18,000
Jaguar F-Type Coupe (2015–) 33,000
Jaguar F-Pace (2016- ) 20,000
Jaguar X-Type Estate (2001–2009) 16,319
Jaguar X-Type Sedan (2001–2009) 22,000
Jaguar XE (2015- ) 22,000 (官方數據，比上一代XF強20%)
Jaguar XF (X250, 2007–2015) ~17,300
Jaguar XF (X260, 2016–) 22,000 (28% higher than X250)
Jaguar XJ (X350, 2004–2009) 21,700
Jaguar XK (X100, 1996–2006) 16,000
Jagjar XK (X150, 2006-2014) 28,000
Jaguar XKR-S Coupe (X150, 2011–) 28,400
(註: Jaguar公佈的剛性數據偏低是因為他們測試方法和賓士、BMW不同)
以上一代Jaguar XF為例，自家測試的剛性數據就比E60 五系列和W211 E-Class強7%以上
(圖) 上一代Jaguar XF剛性數據 vs E60 五系列和W211 E-Class比較圖
http://i.imgur.com/0hxs7pX.jpg
Jeep
Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2, 2010-) 23,000
Koenigsegg
Koenigsegg 28,100
Koenigsegg Agera (2010- ) 58,000
Koenigsegg Agera R (2011–2014) 65,000
Koenigsegg CC8 (2002–2004) 28,100
Koengisegg CCX (2006) 58,000
Koengisegg CCXR (2007) 58,000
Koengisegg Trevita (2009) 58,000
KTM
KTM X-Bow 35,000 Nm/deg
Lancia
Lancia Lybra SW (1998-2005) 13,170
Lamborghini
Lamborghini Diablo (1990–2006) 6,500
Lamborghini Gallardo (2003–2008) 23,000
Lamborghini Murcielago (2001–2010) 20,000
Lamborghini Aventador (2011–) 35,000
Lamborghini Gallardo Super Trofeo Stradale (2011) 35,000
Lamborghini Countach (1974) 2,600
Lamborghini Centenario LP 770-4 (2016- ) 35,000
Land Rover
Land Rover Freelander 2 28,000
Land Rover Range Rover (L322, 2003–2012) 32,000
Lexus
Lexus LFA 39,130 Nm/deg
Lexus LS (2017, 下一代) 超過45,000以上
(圖) Lexus LC500車體結構圖，高剛性，輕量化，也是下一代LS的開發基礎
http://i.imgur.com/hJqrILt.jpg
(source: Lexus)
Lotus
Lotus Elan (1962) 6,101
Lotus Elan (1990–1995) 7,900
Lotus Elan GRP body 8,900
Lotus Elise 10,000
Lotus Elise 111s (1999) 11,000
Lotus Elise S2 Exige (2004) 10,500
Lotus Esprit SE Turbo (1981–1987) 5,850
Lotus Evora (2009–) 26,600
Maserati
Maserati Quattroporte V 18,000
Mazda
Mazda CX-5 (2013–) 27,000
Mazda MX-5 (NA 1代, NB 2代) 6,000
Mazda MX-5 (NC 3代) 8,800
Mazda RX-7 (FB, 1978–1985) 9,150
Mazda RX-7 (FC, 1985–1991) 10,500
Mazda RX-7 (FD, 1991–2002)15,000
Mazda RX-8 (2003-2012) 30,000
(圖) Mazda RX-8的車身剛性比Lamborghini Gallardo還強
http://i.imgur.com/mmysOUW.jpg
(source: NetCarShow)
McLaren
McLaren F1 (1992–1999) 13,500 Nm/deg
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes W196 (1954) 5,423
Mercedes W124 (1984-1995) 9,900
Mercedes W201 190 (1983-1993) 8,700
Mercedes CLK convertible敞篷 (1997-2003) 11,050
Mercedes CLK convertible敞篷 (2003-2009) 12,378
Mercedes W246 B-class (2012- ) 25,700
Mercedes R230 SL-class (2006) 17,000 (開車頂), 21,000 (闔上車頂)
Mercedes R230 SL-class (2012) 16,399
Mercedes R231 SL-class (2013) 19,400
Mercedes R231 SL550 (2013) 20,000
Mercedes W210 E-class (1995-2002) 19,500 (W211比W210提升18%)
Mercedes W211 E-class (2002-2009) 23,000 (W212比W211提升30%)
Mercedes W212 E-class (2009-2016) 29,920
Mercedes W221 S-class (2006-2013)27,500
Mercedes W222 S-class (2013- ) 40,500
(圖) 上一代S-class W221車體結構圖，剛性27,500
http://i.imgur.com/L1ysQEX.jpg
(source: Daimler AG)
MINI
MINI Cooper (2003) 24,500
MINI Cooper Convertible (1st gen,2004-2008) 9,000
Nissan
Nissan Micra 3-door (歐規March K11, 1992–2003) 4,000
Nissan Sunny (Sentra B14, 1993–1998) 8,200
Opel
Opel Astra G 3-door (1998–2004) 10,500
Opel Astra G 5-door (1998–2004) 11,700
Opel Astra G Sedan (1998–2004) 11,900
Opel Astra J (2009–2015) 19,200
Opel Astra K (2015–) 19,600
Opel Corsa B 3-door (1993–2000) 6,500
Opel Corsa C 3-door (2000–2012) 8,000
Opel Omega B2 (1999–2003) 13,000
Opel Vectra A (1988–1995) 6,000
Opel Vectra B (1995–2002) 12,000
Opel Vectra C (2002–2008) 18.000
Pagani超跑
Pagani Zonda C12 S (2003) 26,300
Pagani Zonda F (2005) 27,000
Pagani Zonda Roadster (2003) 18.000
Peugeot
Peugeot 1007 (2004-2009) 25,000 Nm/deg
Peugeot 206SW (2001-2006) 15,800
Peugeot 207 (2006-2012) 21,820
Peugeot 207CC 開蓬 11,600
Peugeot 207CC 關蓬 17,500
Peugeot 307 (2001-2008) 21,785
Peugeot 308 (2008-2013) 23,906
Peugeot 308SW 21,027
Peugeot 407 (2004-2010) 22,665
Peugeot 407 coupe 24,582
Peugeot 407SW 20,776
Peugeot 807 (2002-2014) 9,800
Peugeot 3008 (2009- ) 20,293
Proton
Proton Satria (1994-2005) 6,650
Proton Satria Neo (2006-2015) 13,300
Proton Preve (2012- ) 19,000
Porsche
Porsche 911 (993, 1993–1998) Coupe 11380
Porsche 911 Cabriolet 991 (2012) 11,699
Porsche 911 Carrera GT 26,000
Porsche 911 Carrera Type 997 33,000
Porsche 911 Coupe 991 (2012) 30,359
Porsche 911 Turbo (2000) 13,500
Porsche 911 Turbo 996 27,000
Porsche 911 Turbo 996 Convertible 11,600
Porsche 959 (1986–1988,92,93) 12,900
Porsche 987 Cayman (2004–2012) 31,500
Porsche Carrera GT (2004–2007) 26,000
Porsche Cayenne (2002-2010) 36,900
Porsche Cayenne (2011- ) 42,435 (比上一代增強15%)
Porsche Macan (2014- ) 27,300
Porsche Cayman GT4 (2015- ) 41,000
Renault
Renault Sport Spider (1996–1999) 10,000
Renault Twingo I (1993–2007) 14,200
Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce Phantom (2003–) 40,500 Nm/deg
Saab
Saab 9-3 Convertible (2008–2012) 11,500
Saab 9-3 Sport Sedan (2008–2011) 22,000
Saab 9-3 SportCombi (2008–2011) 20,548
Saab 9-3 (一代, 1998-2002) 10,000
Saab 9-5 Sportcombi Aero (2006-2009) 21,000
Saleen超跑
Saleen S7 (2000–2006) 45,000 Nm/Deg
SEAT
SEAT Ibiza (Mk1, 1984-1992) 4,000
SEAT Ibiza (Mk2, 1993-1998) 5,200
Subaru
Subaru Impreza WRX (2代, 2002–2007) 23,000
Subaru Impreza (軟鯊 4代, 2012–) 24,500
Tesla
Tesla Model S 19,000 Nm/deg
Toyota
Toyota Celica (T230, 2000–2005) 13,600
Toyota Corolla 3-door hatchback (美規1997-2002 E110) 10,500
Toyota Mark X (2004–2009) 16,000
Volvo
Volvo S70 (1996-2000) 10,000
Volvo S60 (2001–2009) 20,000
Volvo S60 (2011–) 29,400 (比上一代提升47%)
Volvo S80 (1998-2006) 18,600
Volvo S80 (2006-2016) 22,000
Volvo XC90 (2003–2014) 21,400
Volvo XC90 (2016–) 27,392 (比上一代提升28%)
Volkswagen
VW Beetle (2012–) 26,000
VW Passat Estate (B6, 2005–2010) 23,000
VW Passat Saloon (B7, 2010–2014) 28,000
VW Passat Estate (B7, 2010–2014) 23,000
VW Passat Saloon (B8, 2014- ) 30,000
VW Passat Estate (B8, 2014- ) 25,000
VW Phaeton 37,000
VW Golf Cabriolet (2012) 13,500
VW Golf IV 四代3門 19,600
VW Golf IV 四代5門 17,600
VW Golf V 五代18,400
VW Golf V GTI 五代 25,000
VW Golf VI 六代 25,000
VW Golf VII 七代 27,000
VW Tiguan (2007-2016) 21,000
VW Tiguan (2016- ) 24,000
VW Touran (2010-2015) 16,000 (新款比舊款強25%)
VW Touran (2015- ) 20,000
VW Touareg (2002-2010) 23,619 (新款比舊款增強5%)
VW Touareg (2010- ) 24,800
(圖) Golf 七代車體結構圖
http://i.imgur.com/livz7DE.jpg (source: Volkswagen)
出處
CAR BODY TORSIONAL RIGIDITY – A COMPREHENSIVE LIST
https://is.gd/QUobXe
--
(圖) 新Volvo V90 車體材料結構圖，大量使用高張力鋼材，所佔比例很高
http://i.imgur.com/MZUUCDu.jpg (source: Volvo)
(內文比較長，網頁版比較方便閱讀
PTT網頁圖文版 https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/car/M.1469851678.A.2E0.html )
先說幾個心得
1. 相同車系，轎車剛性 > 天窗版&旅行車 >> 敞篷車
◇以Saab 9-3為例，(2008-2012年)
轎車22,000 > 旅行車 20,548 > 敞篷車11,500 Nm/deg
剛性分別相差了6.4%和47.7%。
◇BMW F25 X3 30,000 (無天窗); 26,000 (有天窗)，剛性相差13.4%。
◇VW Passat 旅行車 (B8,2014-) 25,000
VW Passat 轎車(B8) 30,000，轎車和旅行車的剛性相差18%。
◇Ferrari 458 33,120和Ferrari 458 Spider敞篷 23,184，
458 coupe和敞篷的剛性相差30%。
2. 同型車，性能款的剛性 > 普通款
◇以Golf 5代為例，Golf GTI的剛性比普通款強36%，差距很大。
(25,000 vs 18,400 Nm/deg)
2. 三門掀背車的剛性 > 五門掀背
◇Ford Focus 三門 19,600 vs 五門 17,900Nm/deg，剛性相差8.7%。
◇另以Golf 4代為例，3門款的剛性比5門強11%。(19,600 vs 17,600 Nm/deg)
4. 加裝防滾籠，能有效提升車體剛性。
(圖) 新Mazda MX-5 CUP，有加裝防滾籠，能提升剛性
http://i.imgur.com/3e1Ox8A.jpg
(source: DSPORT Magazine)
5. 某些知名超跑的剛性不一定比平價車款強。
例如同一時期的 Lamborghini Gallardo(2003~2008) 23,000 就輸給Mazda RX-8
(2003~2012) 30,000Nm/deg，剛性相差23%。
6. 全部車款當中，剛性最強的是瑞典超跑Koenigsegg Agera R，高達65,000Nm/deg，
它的剛性是Ferrari 458 近兩倍 (33,120Nm/deg)。
轎車中，剛性最強的是勞斯萊斯 Phantom和賓士W222 S-Class，高達40,500 Nm/deg，
贏過賓利Flying Spur (2013) 36,500 Nm/deg，相差11%。
(圖) Koenigsegg Agera R是全球剛性最強的車，數據高達65,000 Nm/deg
http://i.imgur.com/wojvgOF.jpg
(圖) 勞斯萊斯Phantom，它和賓士W222 S-Class的剛性是所有轎車中最強的，
高達40,500 Nm/deg，還贏過賓利11%。
http://i.imgur.com/HTqGEOP.jpg (source: netcarshow.com)
7. 某些敞篷車的剛性只有正常款式的一半，甚至更低，
◇例如Porsche 911 Turbo 996 (27,000 vs 11,600敞篷)，剛性相差高達57%。
◇Audi TT Coupe Mk1 19,000，TT Roadster 敞篷 Mk1 10,000，兩者剛性相差47%。
8. 高剛性 ≠ 高安全性
除了車身剛性以外，潰縮設計和分散衝擊力的設計也很重要。
新Volvo XC90撞擊測試第一名，但它的剛性數據並不是同級車最強的。
◇ 高剛性 ≠ 操控性
Alfa Romeo 159車體剛性比上一代Alfa 156強了近3倍，但Alfa 159操控退步，
評價大不如Alfa 156。
9. 車廠的用心程度，可以讓新世代車身剛性大進步
◇從數據中也能看到BMW世代交替的進步，BMW F世代的車身剛性比E世代晚期增強許多。
(圖右) BMW六系列，前後兩代剛性數據比較圖，F13世代的剛性比E63大幅增強65%。
F13(2011-) vs E63(2004-2010)
http://i.imgur.com/JPcqNUj.jpg
◇Mazda Skyactiv世代，車體有60%是高張力鋼材，大幅提升剛性。
(圖) Mazda CX-5車體結構圖，剛性27,000 Nm/deg。
Skyactiv世代大量使用高張力鋼材，比例達60%。
http://i.imgur.com/ofb59gp.jpg
(source: Mazda)
10. 同集團的平價品牌的車身剛性不一定輸給高級品牌
例如Golf六代 25,000，車身剛性超越同時期的Audi A4(B8) 23,100。
(圖) Golf 六代車體結構圖，剛性已經超越同時期的Audi A4
http://i.imgur.com/54MO92J.jpg
(source: Volkswagen AG)
◇以下是各車廠車身剛性數據總整理 (Torsional Rigidity, Nm/deg)(增訂二版)◇
這是由youwheel.com整理，絕大部份的資料是來自車廠公佈數據和雜誌報導，
一小部份是第三方單位的數據。
另外有幾種車款的數據是我增列的，來源大部份是網路上的原廠資料，
少部份是外國汽車論壇。
Alfa Romeo
Alfa Romeo 147 3-door (2000–2010) 16,600 Nm/deg
Alfa Romeo 156 (1997–2007) 11,000
Alfa Romeo 159 (2004–2011) 31,400
Alfa Romeo 164 (1988-1998) 17,500
Alfa Romeo 166 (1998-2008) 24,500
Alfa Romeo Brera (2005-2010) 38,400
Alfa Romeo GTV (1995-2005) 17,500
Alfa Romeo spider (2006-2010) -關蓬 13,000
Alfa Romeo spider -開蓬 11,200
(圖) Alfa Romeo 159的車身剛性大勝同時期的同級對手，
甚至贏過比它晚了8年上市的BMW F30 3系列。
http://i.imgur.com/KKBxBMu.jpg
Aston Martin
Aston Martin DB9 Convertible 15,500
Aston Martin DB9 Coupe (2004–2016) 27,000
Aston Martin Rapide (2010–) 28,000
Aston Martin Vantage Roaster (2006- ) 21,000
Aston Martin Vantage Coupe (2005- ) 27,273
Aston Martin Vanquish 28,500
Audi
Audi A2 11,900 Nm/deg
Audi A4 (B7, 2005–2008) 22,000
Audi A4 (B8, 2009–2015) 23,100
Audi A8 (D2, 1997–2003) 25,000
Audi A8 (D3, 2004–2010) 36,000
Audi A8 (D4, 2011–) 38,230
Audi R8 (2006-2015) 低於28,570 (新R8剛性提升40%以上)
Audi R8 (2015– ) 40,000
Audi TT Coupe Mk1 (1998–2006) 19,000
Audi TT Coupe Mk2 (2006–2014) 28,500
Audi TT Coupe Mk3 (2014–) 35,050 (比上一代提升23%)
Audi TT Roadster Mk1 10,000
Audi Q5 (2009- ) 26,600
Audi Q7 (4L, 2005-2015) 23,357 (新款比舊款強40%)
Audi Q7 (4M, 2015- ) 32,700 (https://is.gd/yOPQYh )
(圖) Audi A6車體結構圖，比上一代新增一些結構體以提升剛性。
http://i.imgur.com/5HwYzaK.jpg
(source: Audi AG)
Bentley
Bentley Azure (2006-2009) 18,000
Bentley Flying Spur (2013) 36,500
BMW
BMW Z1 >5600
BMW E30 M3 (賽車特製版,有防滾籠) 23,500
BMW E36 3-Series Sedan ~10,000
BMW E36 M3 (1992-1999) 10,900
BMW E36 Z3 (1995-2002) 5,600
BMW E39 5-Series (1995-2003) 15,152
BMW E39 M5 24,000
BMW E46 Convertible 10,500
BMW E46 Coupe (w/folding seats) 12,500
BMW E46 Sedan (w/folding seats) 13,000
BMW E46 Sedan (w/o folding seats) 18,000
BMW E46 Wagon (w/folding seats) 14,000
BMW E46 M3 GTR (有防滾籠) 46,000
BMW E60 5-Series 24,200 (16,250 JLR的測試數據)
BMW E63 6-Series Coupe (2004-2010) 28,000
BMW E64 6-Series Convertible (2004-2010) 15,000
BMW E53 X5 (1999 - 2006) 23,100
BMW E70 X5 (2007 - 2013) 28,000
BMW E83 X3 21,400 (w/o 沒有全景天窗); 19,000 (w/ 有全景天窗)
BMW E85 Z4 (2002- 2008) 16,000
BMW E85 Z4 Coupe 32,000
BMW E85 Z4 M 16,000
BMW E85 Z4 M Coupe 32,000
BMW E52 Z8 (1999-2003) 10,500
BMW E90 3-Series (2005-2012) 22,500
BMW E90 3-Series Convertible 15,750
BMW F07 5GT 31,500 (無天窗); 27,500 (有天窗)
BMW F10 5-Series (2011- ) 37,500
BMW F12 6-Series Convertible 22,500
BMW F13 6-Series Coupe (2011- ) 43,000
BMW F15 X5 (2013 -) 29,400
BMW F25 X3 30,000 (無天窗); 26,000 (有天窗)
BMW F30 3-Series (2012- ) 29,300
BMW F80 M3 40,000
BMW E65 7-Series (2002–2008) 31,200
BMW F01 7-Series (2009–2015) 37,500
Bugatti
Bugatti EB110 19,000 Nm/deg
Bugatti Veyron 60,000
Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport 22,000
Bugatti Chiron 預定50,000
Cadillac
Cadillac ATS (2013–) 29,000
Cadillac CTS Sedan (2008–2013) 19,143
Cadillac CTS Sport Wagon (2012–2014) 18,416 (wagon比轎車版弱3.8%)
Cadillac CTS (2014–) 26,800
Chevrolet
Chevrolet Corvette C7 (2014–) 14,500
Chevrolet Malibu (8th-gen, 2013–2016) 23,000 (w/o moonroof)
Chevrolet Malibu (9th-gen, 2016 -) 23,600 (w moonroof)
Citroen
Citroen 2CV (1948-1990) ~3,000 Nm/deg
Citroen ZX (1991-1998) 7,200
Citroen C6 (2006-2012) 22,665
Chrysler
Chrysler 300 (LX platform, 2005–2010) 17,897 Nm/deg
Dodge
Dodge Neon (1st gen, 1995–1999) 6,000
Dodge Neon (2nd gen, 2000–2005) 8,300
Dodge SRT Viper (2013–) 11,400
Ferrari
Ferrari 355 (1994–1999) 10,000
Ferrari 360 Modena (1999–2005) 23,000
Ferrari 360 Spider 13,800
Ferrari 430 (2004–2009) 27,600
Ferrari 430 Convertible 10,200
Ferrari 458 (2009–2015) 33,120
Ferrari 458 Spider 23,184 (70% of the Coupe)
Ferrari 488 Spider 約28,980 (488比458敞篷剛性提升約25%)
Ferrari 550 Barchetta Pininfarina (2000) 14,711
Ferrari F50 (1995–1997) 34,600
FIAT
FIAT Bravo (2007-2014) 10,800
FIAT Tempra Sedan (1990-1996) 6,700
FIAT Brava (1995-2001) 9,100
Fiat Tipo (1988-1995) 7,200
Fiat 500L (2012- ) 19,500
Fisker超跑
Fisker Karma (2011-2012) 35,000
Ford
Ford Escort Cosworth (1992–1996) ~4,500
Ford Fiesta 3-door (3rd gen, 1989–1997) 6,500
Ford Fiesta (2008- ) 10,100
Ford B-Max (2012- ) 10,250
Ford Focus 5D (Mk1) 17,900
Ford Focus 3D (Mk1) 19,600
Ford Focus 5D (Mk2,2004-2010) 19,500
Ford Focus 3D (Mk2,2004-2010) 22,500
Ford Focus 5D (Mk3,2010- ) 24,375 (比上一代增強25%)
Ford Fusion (2010–2012) 17,453
Ford Fusion (美規Mondeo,2013–) 19,286
Ford GT (2004–2010) 27,100
Ford GT40 MkI 17,000
Ford Mustang 2003 16,000
Ford Mustang 2005 21,000
Honda
Honda Accord Sedan (2008–2012, 8代) 16,440 (實測), 21,667 (CAE電腦模擬)
Honda Accord Sedan (2013–, 9代) 23,345
Honda Civic Hatchback (1996–2000) (6th-Gen, EK) 10,700
Honda S2000 (1st-Gen, AP1) 7,100
Hyundai
Hyundai Sonata (2006–2010) 14,600
Hyundai i40/Sonata (US market) (2011–) 35,300
Hyundai Genesis Sedan (2009–2014) 33,966
Hyundai Genesis Sedan (2015- ) 39,400
Infiniti
Infiniti G Sedan (2007–2013) 23,000
Jaguar
Jaguar F-Type Convertible (2014–) 18,000
Jaguar F-Type Coupe (2015–) 33,000
Jaguar F-Pace (2016- ) 20,000
Jaguar X-Type Estate (2001–2009) 16,319
Jaguar X-Type Sedan (2001–2009) 22,000
Jaguar XE (2015- ) 22,000 (官方數據，比上一代XF強20%)
Jaguar XF (X250, 2007–2015) ~17,300
Jaguar XF (X260, 2016–) 22,000 (28% higher than X250)
Jaguar XJ (X350, 2004–2009) 21,700
Jaguar XK (X100, 1996–2006) 16,000
Jagjar XK (X150, 2006-2014) 28,000
Jaguar XKR-S Coupe (X150, 2011–) 28,400
(註: Jaguar公佈的剛性數據偏低是因為他們測試方法和賓士、BMW不同)
以上一代Jaguar XF為例，自家測試的剛性數據就比E60 五系列和W211 E-Class強7%以上
(圖) 上一代Jaguar XF剛性數據 vs E60 五系列和W211 E-Class比較圖
http://i.imgur.com/0hxs7pX.jpg
Jeep
Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2, 2010-) 23,000
Koenigsegg
Koenigsegg 28,100
Koenigsegg Agera (2010- ) 58,000
Koenigsegg Agera R (2011–2014) 65,000
Koenigsegg CC8 (2002–2004) 28,100
Koengisegg CCX (2006) 58,000
Koengisegg CCXR (2007) 58,000
Koengisegg Trevita (2009) 58,000
KTM
KTM X-Bow 35,000 Nm/deg
Lancia
Lancia Lybra SW (1998-2005) 13,170
Lamborghini
Lamborghini Diablo (1990–2006) 6,500
Lamborghini Gallardo (2003–2008) 23,000
Lamborghini Murcielago (2001–2010) 20,000
Lamborghini Aventador (2011–) 35,000
Lamborghini Gallardo Super Trofeo Stradale (2011) 35,000
Lamborghini Countach (1974) 2,600
Lamborghini Centenario LP 770-4 (2016- ) 35,000
Land Rover
Land Rover Freelander 2 28,000
Land Rover Range Rover (L322, 2003–2012) 32,000
Lexus
Lexus LFA 39,130 Nm/deg
Lexus LS (2017, 下一代) 超過45,000以上
(圖) Lexus LC500車體結構圖，高剛性，輕量化，也是下一代LS的開發基礎
http://i.imgur.com/hJqrILt.jpg
(source: Lexus)
Lotus
Lotus Elan (1962) 6,101
Lotus Elan (1990–1995) 7,900
Lotus Elan GRP body 8,900
Lotus Elise 10,000
Lotus Elise 111s (1999) 11,000
Lotus Elise S2 Exige (2004) 10,500
Lotus Esprit SE Turbo (1981–1987) 5,850
Lotus Evora (2009–) 26,600
Maserati
Maserati Quattroporte V 18,000
Mazda
Mazda CX-5 (2013–) 27,000
Mazda MX-5 (NA 1代, NB 2代) 6,000
Mazda MX-5 (NC 3代) 8,800
Mazda RX-7 (FB, 1978–1985) 9,150
Mazda RX-7 (FC, 1985–1991) 10,500
Mazda RX-7 (FD, 1991–2002)15,000
Mazda RX-8 (2003-2012) 30,000
(圖) Mazda RX-8的車身剛性比Lamborghini Gallardo還強
http://i.imgur.com/mmysOUW.jpg
(source: NetCarShow)
McLaren
McLaren F1 (1992–1999) 13,500 Nm/deg
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes W196 (1954) 5,423
Mercedes W124 (1984-1995) 9,900
Mercedes W201 190 (1983-1993) 8,700
Mercedes CLK convertible敞篷 (1997-2003) 11,050
Mercedes CLK convertible敞篷 (2003-2009) 12,378
Mercedes W246 B-class (2012- ) 25,700
Mercedes R230 SL-class (2006) 17,000 (開車頂), 21,000 (闔上車頂)
Mercedes R230 SL-class (2012) 16,399
Mercedes R231 SL-class (2013) 19,400
Mercedes R231 SL550 (2013) 20,000
Mercedes W210 E-class (1995-2002) 19,500 (W211比W210提升18%)
Mercedes W211 E-class (2002-2009) 23,000 (W212比W211提升30%)
Mercedes W212 E-class (2009-2016) 29,920
Mercedes W221 S-class (2006-2013)27,500
Mercedes W222 S-class (2013- ) 40,500
(圖) 上一代S-class W221車體結構圖，剛性27,500
http://i.imgur.com/L1ysQEX.jpg
(source: Daimler AG)
MINI
MINI Cooper (2003) 24,500
MINI Cooper Convertible (1st gen,2004-2008) 9,000
Nissan
Nissan Micra 3-door (歐規March K11, 1992–2003) 4,000
Nissan Sunny (Sentra B14, 1993–1998) 8,200
Opel
Opel Astra G 3-door (1998–2004) 10,500
Opel Astra G 5-door (1998–2004) 11,700
Opel Astra G Sedan (1998–2004) 11,900
Opel Astra J (2009–2015) 19,200
Opel Astra K (2015–) 19,600
Opel Corsa B 3-door (1993–2000) 6,500
Opel Corsa C 3-door (2000–2012) 8,000
Opel Omega B2 (1999–2003) 13,000
Opel Vectra A (1988–1995) 6,000
Opel Vectra B (1995–2002) 12,000
Opel Vectra C (2002–2008) 18.000
Pagani超跑
Pagani Zonda C12 S (2003) 26,300
Pagani Zonda F (2005) 27,000
Pagani Zonda Roadster (2003) 18.000
Peugeot
Peugeot 1007 (2004-2009) 25,000 Nm/deg
Peugeot 206SW (2001-2006) 15,800
Peugeot 207 (2006-2012) 21,820
Peugeot 207CC 開蓬 11,600
Peugeot 207CC 關蓬 17,500
Peugeot 307 (2001-2008) 21,785
Peugeot 308 (2008-2013) 23,906
Peugeot 308SW 21,027
Peugeot 407 (2004-2010) 22,665
Peugeot 407 coupe 24,582
Peugeot 407SW 20,776
Peugeot 807 (2002-2014) 9,800
Peugeot 3008 (2009- ) 20,293
Proton
Proton Satria (1994-2005) 6,650
Proton Satria Neo (2006-2015) 13,300
Proton Preve (2012- ) 19,000
Porsche
Porsche 911 (993, 1993–1998) Coupe 11380
Porsche 911 Cabriolet 991 (2012) 11,699
Porsche 911 Carrera GT 26,000
Porsche 911 Carrera Type 997 33,000
Porsche 911 Coupe 991 (2012) 30,359
Porsche 911 Turbo (2000) 13,500
Porsche 911 Turbo 996 27,000
Porsche 911 Turbo 996 Convertible 11,600
Porsche 959 (1986–1988,92,93) 12,900
Porsche 987 Cayman (2004–2012) 31,500
Porsche Carrera GT (2004–2007) 26,000
Porsche Cayenne (2002-2010) 36,900
Porsche Cayenne (2011- ) 42,435 (比上一代增強15%)
Porsche Macan (2014- ) 27,300
Porsche Cayman GT4 (2015- ) 41,000
Renault
Renault Sport Spider (1996–1999) 10,000
Renault Twingo I (1993–2007) 14,200
Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce Phantom (2003–) 40,500 Nm/deg
Saab
Saab 9-3 Convertible (2008–2012) 11,500
Saab 9-3 Sport Sedan (2008–2011) 22,000
Saab 9-3 SportCombi (2008–2011) 20,548
Saab 9-3 (一代, 1998-2002) 10,000
Saab 9-5 Sportcombi Aero (2006-2009) 21,000
Saleen超跑
Saleen S7 (2000–2006) 45,000 Nm/Deg
SEAT
SEAT Ibiza (Mk1, 1984-1992) 4,000
SEAT Ibiza (Mk2, 1993-1998) 5,200
Subaru
Subaru Impreza WRX (2代, 2002–2007) 23,000
Subaru Impreza (軟鯊 4代, 2012–) 24,500
Tesla
Tesla Model S 19,000 Nm/deg
Toyota
Toyota Celica (T230, 2000–2005) 13,600
Toyota Corolla 3-door hatchback (美規1997-2002 E110) 10,500
Toyota Mark X (2004–2009) 16,000
Volvo
Volvo S70 (1996-2000) 10,000
Volvo S60 (2001–2009) 20,000
Volvo S60 (2011–) 29,400 (比上一代提升47%)
Volvo S80 (1998-2006) 18,600
Volvo S80 (2006-2016) 22,000
Volvo XC90 (2003–2014) 21,400
Volvo XC90 (2016–) 27,392 (比上一代提升28%)
Volkswagen
VW Beetle (2012–) 26,000
VW Passat Estate (B6, 2005–2010) 23,000
VW Passat Saloon (B7, 2010–2014) 28,000
VW Passat Estate (B7, 2010–2014) 23,000
VW Passat Saloon (B8, 2014- ) 30,000
VW Passat Estate (B8, 2014- ) 25,000
VW Phaeton 37,000
VW Golf Cabriolet (2012) 13,500
VW Golf IV 四代3門 19,600
VW Golf IV 四代5門 17,600
VW Golf V 五代18,400
VW Golf V GTI 五代 25,000
VW Golf VI 六代 25,000
VW Golf VII 七代 27,000
VW Tiguan (2007-2016) 21,000
VW Tiguan (2016- ) 24,000
VW Touran (2010-2015) 16,000 (新款比舊款強25%)
VW Touran (2015- ) 20,000
VW Touareg (2002-2010) 23,619 (新款比舊款增強5%)
VW Touareg (2010- ) 24,800
(圖) Golf 七代車體結構圖
http://i.imgur.com/livz7DE.jpg (source: Volkswagen)
出處
CAR BODY TORSIONAL RIGIDITY – A COMPREHENSIVE LIST
https://is.gd/QUobXe
--
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