日系車企想落跑? 本田稱想打造「去中國化」全球供應鏈 中媒 - 汽車
By Madame
at 2022-09-05T15:24
at 2022-09-05T15:24
Table of Contents
原文連結:
https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2022-09-02/810962
原文內容:
日系車企想落跑? 本田稱想打造「去中國化」全球供應鏈 中媒酸:跑不了
在中國「清零」政策下,包括上海等製造業重鎮實施封城管控,引發日本汽車大廠對供應
鏈「不穩定性」的擔憂。據日本《產經新聞》近日報導,本田汽車(HONDA)正考慮和中
國脫鉤,打造「去中國化」全球零件供應鏈;馬自達(Mazda)也建議其供應商在中國以
外地區進行生產。據中國《虎嗅網》刊登的一篇文章分析,在中國低廉生產成本、進步技
術、規模經濟和全球最大汽車消費市場的優勢下,直言日本車企「跑不了」。
《產經新聞》報導,本田已在公司內部下達指令,要將在中國的零部件轉移到東南亞、印
度、北美和其他地區。主要原因是「對不確定性的擔憂」。
今年 3 月,受上海疫情封控影響,本田零部件出現斷供,中國和日本工廠頻繁停產、減
產。本田日本部分工廠 5 月初的產能減少了約 50%,中國兩家合資公司——廣汽本田和
東風本田也出現部分產線停產、半停產情況。今年 8 月,本田更宣布旗下鈴鹿工廠的兩
條生產線將在 9 月初削減約 30% 產量,埼玉工廠削減約 40% 產量,部分車型的交付更
將延期。
據《虎嗅網》該篇文章分析,在疫情這樣暫時、意外的衝擊下,外國車企考慮小規模向外
轉移供應鏈,實屬情理之中;但「從我國全面撤退顯然不可能」。
該篇文章解釋,一台車上有 1,000 多個總成零部件,由 200 多家一級供應商(Tier 1)
負責供給。一台普通家用燃油車的零部件數量在 3 萬個左右。汽車供應鏈一般被劃分為
三級,其中,三級供應商是基礎,提供前兩級供應商需要的原材料,如金屬和塑料。一級
供應商直接生產並向汽車公司供應汽車零件和系統,他們會和汽車公司建立長期戰略合作
關係,大規模參與新車的整體開發流程中。
文章指出,只要缺少任何一個零部件,這台車連裝都裝不起來,交付更是想都不要想。「
我們甚至可以不誇張地說:供應商比汽車公司更懂造車」。
公開數據顯示,截止今年 7 月,進入中國市場的日本企業數量是 12,706 家,本田的一
、二、三級供應商都囊括在內。同時,本田上一財年(2021 年 4 月至 2022 年 3 月)
新車產能中的 40% 都來自中國。
「因此,本田若是不使用中國製零部件,是否已經做好 B 點供應的準備;由此造成的產
能缺口,本田在其它國家的工廠是否有能力補齊;本田在中國供應鏈感受到的不確定性,
是否能從別國供應鏈上找回「安全感」。一切都是未知數」。
2018 年,中國的零部件企業數量超過了 10 萬家,實現了 1,500 種部品的覆蓋,上游零
部件、一級/二級供應商,下游整車製造廠、出行服務商的全產業鏈條在中國已穩定運行
多年。
文章直言,事實上,中國市場不僅是各家外國車企的世界工廠,也是全球最大的汽車消費
市場,當兩者互相疊加時,又有哪家車企敢輕易提起「撤離」二字呢,是不想好好造車,
還是不想好好賣車了?
心得/說明:(30字以上)
雖然說這幾年被習大大的一堆行為嚇到了
但是日本車廠要降低中國供應鏈的重要性,這難度.........
--
「何というかな。ああ、生まれて来てよかった、そう思うことが何べんかあるだろう
。そのために生きてんじゃねえか。そのうちお前にもそういう時が来るよ、な? まぁ
、がんばれ」。
男はつらいよ 39作目 寅次郎物語
--
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