油電車的省油設計 - Toyota
By Kama
at 2020-12-05T21:31
at 2020-12-05T21:31
Table of Contents
牽車也一年了,稍微聊聊油電車運作及使用上一些心得
車子是牛頭的神A油電,所以是以Toyota油電的系統作為說明對象
1. 構造原理
我認為Toyota油電車的本體不是那顆引擎,而是E-CVT,E-CVT的構造很簡單,MG1(核心軸),ICE(行星齒輪),MG2(外環),就這樣
有興趣可以點進網址拉拉看 http://eahart.com/prius/psd/
因為這個E-CVT的設計使然,我們可以大致將油電車的運作分成以下幾種情況
(A) 時速< 42 mph(<68 km/hr)
https://i.imgur.com/eD715QU.png
狀況1:所有機件靜止,車輛靜止(時速0,橘色圈)
狀況1就不解釋了,相信大家都懂
狀況2:時速<42mph(≒68 km/hr,綠色圈)
MG2 正轉帶動車輛前進(反過來說打入R檔,MG2即反轉)
MG1 反轉(充電)
ICE 行星齒輪因引擎不作動而只有自轉(MG1轉,MG2也轉,ICE被帶著轉),一般人所理解的油電車「純電狀態」多指此型態
(B) 時速 42~68mph(68~110 km/hr)
https://i.imgur.com/cA5ndQI.png
此為油電協力運作的階段
MG2 一樣正轉帶動車輛前進
MG1 一樣反轉充電
ICE 行星齒輪因引擎介入運作故開始公轉,這邊點出一個誤區,即所謂「低速純電,高速純油」的說法其實只對了一半,高速時油電車依舊是油電協力運作(MG2馬達+ICE引擎同時運作),因而並不存在所謂的「純油狀態」
另外就是時速 68 kph以上時放開油門滑行,引擎曲軸依舊會轉動(ICE依舊轉動),然而此狀態噴油嘴並不供油,對油電引擎而言這也是所謂的「純電狀態」(儀表板顯示EV圖示),你只要先把速度踩上來之後再放油門滑行即進入此狀態
(註:P&G所謂的微電滑行可能為此狀態之延伸應用,若有錯請指正)
關於P&G因我個人沒什麼研究,我只管跟上前車故不贅述了
(C) 時速 68~110mph(110~178 kph)
https://i.imgur.com/OMcaRCp.png
車速再升高同樣為油電協力運作,然而此時引擎轉速隨之升高,MG1充電效率將逐漸下降,故油耗越來越母湯,此系統理論極速可達178km/hr
我這人不喜研究理論,畢竟長篇大論講再多,實際油耗跑不出來都是放屁
去程:台亞石油中和健康站→汐止拱北殿(google:32.0km/38min)
實測結果: 26.7 km/L
https://i.imgur.com/m2BqMRX.jpg
回程:汐止拱北殿→台亞石油中和健康站(google:32.8km/37mim)
實測結果: 29.9 km/L
https://i.imgur.com/Qy8e6op.jpg
對油電車來說這並不是什麼好看的油耗,但考量國3北上過南港之後,到進入汐止雨完全沒停過,再加上3/4路程為高速公路,只能說一點也不意外
倒是回程因為國3安坑-中和時速僅2-30,透過消耗電池電力,油耗數字反而比去程好
順帶一提,在實際操作上,除非你天天跑山,且上下山猛踩油門讓電池無法充電,否則以油電車節能優先的設計,他會控制引擎轉速,非極端狀態下要開出爛油耗並沒有你想像中的容易
至於有人說油電車只有市區省油,高速不省油,我翻了翻牽車24000公里的加油紀錄,這是包括高速公路(6成以上國3南北跑),再加上其他跑市區/山路所得出的平均油耗
https://i.imgur.com/iM0QxVl.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/E69Vc7J.jpg
你還要堅持說油電車只有市區省油,高速不省油嗎?
--
--
車子是牛頭的神A油電,所以是以Toyota油電的系統作為說明對象
1. 構造原理
我認為Toyota油電車的本體不是那顆引擎,而是E-CVT,E-CVT的構造很簡單,MG1(核心軸),ICE(行星齒輪),MG2(外環),就這樣
有興趣可以點進網址拉拉看 http://eahart.com/prius/psd/
因為這個E-CVT的設計使然,我們可以大致將油電車的運作分成以下幾種情況
(A) 時速< 42 mph(<68 km/hr)
https://i.imgur.com/eD715QU.png
狀況1:所有機件靜止,車輛靜止(時速0,橘色圈)
狀況1就不解釋了,相信大家都懂
狀況2:時速<42mph(≒68 km/hr,綠色圈)
MG2 正轉帶動車輛前進(反過來說打入R檔,MG2即反轉)
MG1 反轉(充電)
ICE 行星齒輪因引擎不作動而只有自轉(MG1轉,MG2也轉,ICE被帶著轉),一般人所理解的油電車「純電狀態」多指此型態
(B) 時速 42~68mph(68~110 km/hr)
https://i.imgur.com/cA5ndQI.png
此為油電協力運作的階段
MG2 一樣正轉帶動車輛前進
MG1 一樣反轉充電
ICE 行星齒輪因引擎介入運作故開始公轉,這邊點出一個誤區,即所謂「低速純電,高速純油」的說法其實只對了一半,高速時油電車依舊是油電協力運作(MG2馬達+ICE引擎同時運作),因而並不存在所謂的「純油狀態」
另外就是時速 68 kph以上時放開油門滑行,引擎曲軸依舊會轉動(ICE依舊轉動),然而此狀態噴油嘴並不供油,對油電引擎而言這也是所謂的「純電狀態」(儀表板顯示EV圖示),你只要先把速度踩上來之後再放油門滑行即進入此狀態
(註:P&G所謂的微電滑行可能為此狀態之延伸應用,若有錯請指正)
關於P&G因我個人沒什麼研究,我只管跟上前車故不贅述了
(C) 時速 68~110mph(110~178 kph)
https://i.imgur.com/OMcaRCp.png
車速再升高同樣為油電協力運作,然而此時引擎轉速隨之升高,MG1充電效率將逐漸下降,故油耗越來越母湯,此系統理論極速可達178km/hr
我這人不喜研究理論,畢竟長篇大論講再多,實際油耗跑不出來都是放屁
去程:台亞石油中和健康站→汐止拱北殿(google:32.0km/38min)
實測結果: 26.7 km/L
https://i.imgur.com/m2BqMRX.jpg
回程:汐止拱北殿→台亞石油中和健康站(google:32.8km/37mim)
實測結果: 29.9 km/L
https://i.imgur.com/Qy8e6op.jpg
對油電車來說這並不是什麼好看的油耗,但考量國3北上過南港之後,到進入汐止雨完全沒停過,再加上3/4路程為高速公路,只能說一點也不意外
倒是回程因為國3安坑-中和時速僅2-30,透過消耗電池電力,油耗數字反而比去程好
順帶一提,在實際操作上,除非你天天跑山,且上下山猛踩油門讓電池無法充電,否則以油電車節能優先的設計,他會控制引擎轉速,非極端狀態下要開出爛油耗並沒有你想像中的容易
至於有人說油電車只有市區省油,高速不省油,我翻了翻牽車24000公里的加油紀錄,這是包括高速公路(6成以上國3南北跑),再加上其他跑市區/山路所得出的平均油耗
https://i.imgur.com/iM0QxVl.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/E69Vc7J.jpg
你還要堅持說油電車只有市區省油,高速不省油嗎?
--
--
Tags:
Toyota
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