特斯拉一體化壓鑄技術雖然省了成本、降低 - 汽車
By Zenobia
at 2023-05-03T18:14
at 2023-05-03T18:14
Table of Contents
原文連結:
https://reurl.cc/LNk764
原文內容:
特斯拉一體化壓鑄技術雖然省了成本、降低車價,但一個小碰撞車主可能就要噴大錢
cnBeta發表於 2023年4月29日 16:00
特斯拉一體化壓鑄技術雖然省了成本、降低車價,但一個小碰撞車主可能就要噴大錢
從 2021 年初開始,特斯拉上海超級工廠交付的 Model Y,都採用了一體式壓鑄成型
的後地板。
一體式壓鑄主要就是讓原本拼裝的車身,能夠減少拼裝過程以及元件,這樣可以節省
成本。2020 年,特斯拉曾表示 Model Y 的一體化壓鑄後地板方案,能夠將零件個數
由 70 個減少至 1-2 個。
這就相當於,你拼鋼彈還在打磨手臂的零件呢,結果馬斯克過來讓你別磨了,然後直
接往你手裡塞了倆拼好的手臂。
由於一體式壓鑄方案大大減少了單體零件的數量,因此同樣是 50 萬年產能後地板產
線,焊裝成本直接從原來的 16.5 億元降至 1.1 億元,人力成本也從1.3 億元下降
至 0.2億元。這麼一看,簡直跟不要錢似的。
看似不是很嚴重的小碰撞,為何需要天價維修費用
不過,這種一體式壓鑄方案看似給車廠省了不少錢,但是對於車主來說,可能就不是
好事。因為這也意味著,雖然只是一個地方碰撞,但是因為一體式壓鑄的關係,可能
就要「整組換掉」。
像是去年 2 月份,中國發生一起 Model Y車主倒車時不慎撞牆事故,就暴露了其中的
缺點。
當時,受損的車輛後部視覺上車損不嚴重,但被特斯拉理賠人員告知,後防撞結構撞
壞了,維修費將近人民幣20萬元(約台幣89萬)。該車主隨後抱怨,新車是 28 萬元
人民幣(約台幣1,24萬),還不如報廢。雖然最終修車金額是11萬元(約台幣49萬元
),保險公司最終也對該事故車下了全損判決,但仍是引發討論。
這場看似不是很嚴重的事故,為何需要如此高價的維修費用?
有分析認為,這與特斯拉 Model Y 的一體壓鑄後車身有很大關係。由於特斯拉Model Y
整個後車身是一體壓鑄成型的,因此,哪怕是損壞了其中一小部分,整個後車身都需要
大換血。也因此,車型的維修費用也隨之提高。
日前特斯拉相關工作人員接受採訪時表示:Model Y 後底板製造採用的一體化壓鑄技
術。重達410噸的巨型機器「轟隆」一聲,就能將傳統汽車生產所需沖壓焊裝的70多個
零部件簡化為一,不到兩分鐘就一體式壓鑄成型,一步到位。特斯拉將一體化壓鑄技
術引入中國工廠,並率先在 Model Y 車型上使用。
相較傳統製造工藝,採用一體化壓鑄技術的 Model Y 後底板遭遇碰撞時,不會有因為
存在焊點、焊縫遭受衝擊而導致車體被撕裂的情況出現,能夠提升車輛的安全性。
一體化壓鑄技術的優點,也是最大的缺點
一體化壓鑄技術,可減少傳統製造工藝的諸多複雜環節,有著降低成本、減少車身重
量等優勢。但一體化壓鑄件也存在可修復性差的問題,一旦該部件受損就必須更換全
新部件,維修費用相對傳統製造更高。
特斯拉此舉也遭到了消費者的質疑,有網友不滿此舉會提高修車成本與保險費率。更
有網友抱怨,「特斯拉整車降價看似讓利消費者,卻不知可能因為一體化壓鑄技術帶
來『稍微』碰撞就要更換整個後車身的天價維修費。」不小心剮蹭就幾乎等於換車。
雖然受到諸多質疑,但這項技術的確能為特斯拉帶來不少益處, Model Y 所使用的此
技術,是透過壓鑄機將金屬熔液壓入金屬模具中成型。除了能有別於傳統車身製造方
式,打造出輕量化、零件數量及工序步驟減少的車型之外,尚有減少人力資源及土地
節約等優勢。
因此,特斯拉表示後續有望將此技術繼續用於其他車型,以及前、中底板等部件。不
僅提升了生產效率,同時白車身的製造成本能直接下降40%,此類的技術或許會在汽車
產業界掀起一場變革。
心得/說明:(30字以上)
台灣有案例嗎?是否有車主可以現身說法?是只有Model Y採用了一體化壓鑄技術嗎?
*轉錄新聞/情報,必須附上原文及網址連結及心得或意見30字(不含標點符號)*
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