特斯拉引發電動車價格戰,掀起許多波瀾 - 汽車
By Sierra Rose
at 2023-02-09T14:21
at 2023-02-09T14:21
Table of Contents
原文連結:
https://bit.ly/3xdZlRq
原文內容:
2023年1月底,特斯拉電動車價格降價20%,引發了市場的連鎖反應。
1月30日,福特汽車宣布將降低Mustang Mach-E的價格,這一款與特斯拉 Model Y競爭的
電動休旅車,價格下降了900至5,900美元之間。這顯然是對特斯拉降價的回應。
現在最大的問題是其他公司有能力效仿這一戰略嗎?特斯拉之所以能夠大幅度降價的關鍵
在於,其能在電動車上獲得可觀的利潤,但是其他剛剛起步的傳統車廠仍在虧損狀態或者
難以實現量產,何以有實力與特斯拉比拼呢!
例如:通用汽車表示,他不打算降低凱迪拉克Lyriq的價格。這款豪華休旅車應該是
Model Y的競爭對手,但其在2022年只交付了122輛而已,如何比拼呢。其他包含:BMW、
賓士、現代汽車、甚至福斯也都宣布跟進降價促銷。
Wedbush Securities認為在這場電動車軍備競賽中,特斯拉在規模、品牌、電池技術和馬
斯克DNA方面都處於獨特地位,而其他公司則在這場全面的遊戲大戰中,只能積極爭奪市
場占有率。由於2023年將是電動車獲得市場占有率之關鍵一年,特斯拉的確擁有比其他車
廠更好的利基。
另外一家具優勢的公司是通用汽車,因為它已經建構了Ultium EV平台,透過該平台將支
持旗下從高檔的凱迪拉克到經濟實惠的皮卡等數十種新型電動車。
不過,從供應商的角度來看,電動車領導者在經濟放緩的情況下大幅削減車價後,特斯拉
公司的供應商正承受成本壓力。
在COVID-19疫情大流行期間,電動車廠商關注的是汽車交付而不是定價,特斯拉甚至願意
支付更多費用,更快地獲得零組件。但是這一情勢在特斯拉賣得不如預期之後,開始出現
了變化。
顧問公司Bain的一項研究顯示,雖然特斯拉和其他汽車製造商在疫情大流行期間享有更高
的汽車價格和更高的利潤率,但供應商無法完全轉嫁更高的材料成本,因而他們的利潤率
是下降的。例如:曾將特斯拉視為其最大客戶的Gissing North America於2022年申請破
產,部分原因是高昂的勞動力成本和商品定價。
如果電動車價格降低,供應商在勞動力成本上升,且原物料價格上漲之際,將承受更大的
毛利壓力。即使特斯拉承諾供應商能透過衝高產量降低成本,但是這種承諾有可能因為市
場變化而消失,這一風險對於供應商來說,將是不可承受之重啊!
心得/說明:(30字以上)
根據拜登政府的降低通膨法案修改後的電動車稅收激勵措施讓市場陷入混亂。並非所有汽
車製造商都有資格獲得稅收抵免,因為他們的電動車不是在北美製造,例如,現代和起亞
汽車。
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