麋鹿測試 Focus 正ST - 汽車
By Oliver
at 2020-08-11T11:35
at 2020-08-11T11:35
Table of Contents
km77上的moose test就是ISO 3888 Part2
ISO 3888: Passenger cars — Test track for a severe lane-change manoeuvre
Part 2: Obstacle avoidance
https://i.imgur.com/Qz9tjAu.jpg
官方文件介紹
https://i.imgur.com/JuyumkC.jpg
這項測試只代表車輛整體操控性的一小部分特徵
也就是提到的"obstacle avoidance" (障礙物閃避能力)
所以當然不能類推到該車整體操控
至於有沒有通用的測試標準? 抱歉沒有!
以open-loop的轉向input來說:
[step steer]
步階轉向,方向盤在0.2秒內轉至50度,並一直維持在50度直到車身穩定(舉例)
https://i.imgur.com/tavkfPZ.jpg
[pulse steer]
方向盤在0.4秒內完成轉至70度再回到0度的突波
https://i.imgur.com/tavkfPZ.jpg
[J-turn]
方向盤以1000 deg/sec 轉到A角度維持4秒
A角度為側向0.3g下方向盤角度*8
https://i.imgur.com/sVcNWkL.jpg
[Fixed Timing Fishhook]
方向盤以720 deg/sec 轉到A角度維持0.25秒,再以-720 deg/sec轉到-A角度維持3秒
A角度為側向0.3g下方向盤角度*6.5
https://i.imgur.com/Ci24fYL.jpg
[Roll Rate Feedback Fishhook]
https://i.imgur.com/Iq2whpo.jpg
而ISO 3888(moose test)
限制車輛路徑的closed-loop測試,轉向input需求類似一正一反弦波
https://i.imgur.com/AQs7yvL.jpg
ISO 4138(steady-state circular)
有固定半徑/固定方向盤轉角/固定車速三種方式
測試接近穩態的轉向行為,目的是了解車輛極限過彎能力(側向最大G值)
https://i.imgur.com/7qJsdgN.jpg
Pylon Course Slalom Test
繞錐,方向盤角度為連續來回,介於弦波/方波的波形
https://i.imgur.com/Ktc6LD3.jpg
上述不同的駕駛條件,車速和steer angle波形皆不同
車輛除了受不同側向加速度
也會因為懸吊桿件形式、硬點位置、襯套剛性、彈簧剛性、避震器阻尼特性等
https://i.imgur.com/vAzcwKf.jpg
而呈現不同的車輛姿態(yaw/roll/pitch)
車身姿態和重心改變進一步影響四輪荷重
四輪荷重牽涉到輪胎能提供的側向抓地力,這部分也是非線性行為(極限下)
https://i.imgur.com/xtzxiZJ.png
再加上測試過程中一旦輪胎側滑角過大
循跡勢必介入(以控制yaw rate為目標,給予單輪煞車)
可以說車輛在極限的動態操控是高度非線性行為
因此:
1. 不能用單項測試結果好壞推論整體操控的好壞
2. 不能用時速30的結果去推測時速60的結果
推 p581581: 我覺得是因為馬力太大根本不好操控 這測試不能全相信08/10 20:11
ISO 3888測試在通過第一個椎筒後得釋放油門踏板
https://i.imgur.com/xtKJIbO.jpg
也就是說跟馬力太大或加速性"完全無關"
事實上只要與轉向有關的測試項目,就會設法把加減速變因降到最低
https://www.car-engineer.com/the-moose-test-or-vda-test/
--
Tags:
汽車
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