W124變速箱與閥體大修(文長圖多) - 保養
By Ursula
at 2023-01-10T20:20
at 2023-01-10T20:20
Table of Contents
車子是1993年的美規 賓士W124 300E 2.8
變速箱代號722.4四速自排變速箱 目前將近14萬公里
主要原因是使用與年紀 造成耗材老化、損壞
大概快一年前,我就覺得變速箱有點小異狀,打倒檔入檔慢半拍,有點無力。半年前,症
頭越來越嚴重,還加上了冷車有時會打滑、跳檔頓挫感大。
我一直想去處理,但剛好忙成狗沒時間,直到一個月前,真的不能再拖了,冷車瘋狂打滑
;R檔有時候打不進去。熱車會好,但換檔仍有頓挫感。
幸好他還是乖乖讓我送她去台中就診,這次機會難得,下次修不知道是幾十年後了,趁著
修車廠老闆願意幫我拍照跟解說,想記錄一下這次的翻修過程。我不是專業修車,有可能
有些地方沒做好筆記,沒聽清楚,有錯歡迎糾正。
先搞點簡單的
https://i.imgur.com/a8I1knB.jpeg
上次保養發現雨刷水桶有點漏水,從美國買了雨刷水桶跟周邊,含雨刷水一分二單向閥、
雨刷水泵浦、所有的墊片等等。就只有圖中紅圈那個東西買不到,也找不到料號,機掰。
接著重頭戲
https://i.imgur.com/4X9Yjwq.jpeg
https://i.imgur.com/OqO4sqg.jpeg
傳動六腳橡皮兩年前換過,目前還算正常。
整個卸下來
https://i.imgur.com/UcDiOsa.jpeg
這次維修分成兩個部分,分別是變速箱本體跟閥體,閥體決定升降檔時機點、下達指令;
變速箱負責具體執行。老賓士的變速箱是幾乎純粹靠油壓作動,除了強迫降檔是靠電磁閥
,其他都靠兩股油壓的調節來作動。
除了維持整個變速箱運作環境的主油壓,升降檔是靠油壓在閥體裡的作動,可以理解成「
油門/車速」 分別控制一種油壓,在沒有變速箱電腦的時候,只能用這種方式來決定升降
檔。
當 車速>油門 則升檔
當 油門>車速 則降檔
大部分變速箱維修,都會整修變速箱本體,但針對閥體,尤其這種無電子零件的純粹油壓
自排變速箱閥體,會維修的店家是比較少的,更別說數據調整。
以下 我們分兩個部分
分別是變速箱與閥體
一、 變速箱
這款變速箱的結構如下
引擎=前泵=(B3)=(B1+K1)=行星齒=(B2+K2)=傳動軸
每個括弧裡面是一個組合
例如
K1離合器+B1制動帶
▲https://i.imgur.com/i9uB7KF.jpg
K2離合器 +B2制動帶
▲https://i.imgur.com/xwt1NGf.jpg
一個組合裏頭包含制動帶、活塞、離合器片等
以下是更換的耗材
https://i.imgur.com/2cAY2dP.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/HqFLO7P.jpg
▲大修包與新的B2制動帶
https://i.imgur.com/FlVSn7U.jpg
▲其中比較明顯有問題的地方包含
https://i.imgur.com/pVUd7RN.jpg
▲主要橡膠O環硬化、破損,導致油壓洩漏、油量不足。這導致B3離合器片磨損剝落,使
其無法密合,讓傳動時會抖動。
https://i.imgur.com/JkbedOE.jpg
▲鐵氟龍墊圈老化、漏油
https://i.imgur.com/prH1Dis.jpg
▲B1活塞孔的墊片,原廠用鋁合金材質,容易熱漲冷縮導致變形,已換成鐵氟龍製改良品
。
https://i.imgur.com/lTYL4WM.jpg
▲制動帶固定座,上方為舊品,下方為新品,可見到舊品左方斷腳了。
https://i.imgur.com/o0VcU6W.jpg
▲離合器片磨損變薄,推動離合器片的活塞行程變長,活塞作用超過極限,B3的彈簧底座
不堪負荷而斷裂。
https://i.imgur.com/FDAGclC.jpg
▲K1離合器片,正常,但預防性更換。
https://i.imgur.com/8YGwKLG.jpg
▲K2離合器片,燒焦,更換。
https://i.imgur.com/BnA4RuK.jpg
▲B3離合器片,最慘,直接磨光了,跟光頭胎87%像
https://i.imgur.com/Rmt76ua.jpg
▲B1制動帶,更換。B2的制動帶比較硬,B1制動帶比較軟,預防性更換B1的。
https://i.imgur.com/FlMcv5X.jpg
▲前泵墊片,之前也發現有輕微滲油,一起處理
https://i.imgur.com/nCqH6qn.jpg
▲油底殼墊片
以上將變速箱一一分解 更換耗材
https://i.imgur.com/0ZtmF0c.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/W52dY83.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/LW50PWN.jpeg
▲最大根的就是行星齒輪組
變速箱本體搞好,接著就是大魔王閥體了
二、 閥體
閥體長的很像迷宮
連結變速箱處
https://i.imgur.com/Ht0dI94.jpg
閥體A
https://i.imgur.com/EeXM5E6.jpg
閥體B
https://i.imgur.com/YYnu4gs.jpg
閥體C
https://i.imgur.com/X6s7eJQ.jpg
閥體的組裝方式最接近引擎的部分是閥體A,再來是B,最後有個隔板,隔板另外一端是C
。
閥體的運作原理是讓ATF變速箱油在這些管路裡流動,透過兩側彈簧與柱塞來控制油壓,
進而達成換檔的效果。圓珠用來行程單向閥的效果,讓油可以保持在特定位置,四速變速
箱共17顆,五速變速箱有19顆。
需要注意的是閥體的彈簧有些看似相同,但磅數並不一樣,拆解最好紀錄下來順序,放在
固定位置以免裝錯。大部分的人知道變速箱大修包,卻比較少人會訂購閥體修包,如今閥
體修包也剩副廠,買不到原廠貨了,內容物主要是柱塞上的鐵氟龍O環。
https://i.imgur.com/TLcjsZe.jpg
▲閥體維修包
https://i.imgur.com/1StTkd2.jpg
▲柱塞之一,上下灰色環狀即是鐵氟龍O環,已經老化需更換。
https://i.imgur.com/7OIAnVM.jpg
▲滾珠與彈簧們。
https://i.imgur.com/WxnVcuA.jpg
▲閥體內部濾油網,避免雜質卡住柱塞。
https://i.imgur.com/h8dsRRe.jpg
▲老闆自製工具,放置拆解出來的零件很好用,Mercedes124大大也曾翻修閥體,用瓦楞
紙折成此形狀,也有異曲同工之妙XD
https://i.imgur.com/srgNhTK.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/LmqbDSc.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/p9VbYEr.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/xej3Ql8.jpg
▲柱塞與彈簧的家。
https://i.imgur.com/7Azt7gm.jpg
▲油道的清潔與檢察。
https://i.imgur.com/qi07WiX.jpg
https://i.imgur.com/Gs9cNla.jpg
▲可以看出柱塞的O環都已經老化、變色。
最後,當一切都組裝好時,還需要根據原廠數據做點調整,老闆也是不吝分享,請我上網
分享一定要附上數據,讓想要DIY的人能掌握最關鍵的地方。離合器間隙與各處扭力是很
重要,會影響最後行路的質感。
https://i.imgur.com/pAZN4Rc.jpg
▲調整數據。
最後整理好,洗乾淨,準備裝上去。
https://i.imgur.com/AjOvLoU.jpeg
又是一尾活龍,健康出遊去。
https://i.imgur.com/vxigChP.jpg
這次非常感謝修車廠老闆仔細幫我拍照,同時又耐心解釋,避免廣告嫌疑,就不特別提是
哪一間了,反正那邊人已經夠多了,不希望以後都要提前很久預約啊!
https://i.imgur.com/POyUDlO.jpg
這次我也把所有照片印出來,訂成一本,拿車的時候又花了大概一個多小時,仔細詢問,
聽老闆解釋,不懂的地方就一直問到懂為止,老媽看到我印出這一本,笑說我讀書跟工作
都沒這麼認真過。但學習這些東西,是真的好玩,再次感謝老闆,施工過程是廠內最資深
的師傅,加上老闆隨時在旁技術指導,才能夠讓老車回春,再戰二十年。來這裡修車,除
了車修好,老闆知其然亦知其所以然,每次都能學到很多新知識,這是自己買維修手冊回
來看好幾次都無法比擬的收穫。
與其說修車,不如說這一切,都重新讓我燃起求知的慾望,重新找回學習的快樂。謝謝老
闆包容文組的我,一直耐心解釋道我懂XD
以上 跟車友們分享
祝大家的車車今年健康一年整年
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