拉抗強度與屈服強度的差別 - 汽車
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By Edward Lewis
at 2019-03-22T10:18
at 2019-03-22T10:18
Table of Contents
車廠在設計階段,會先評估車體結構是否達到設計目標
使用CAE軟體模擬(固體力學有限元素分析)以下幾種常見項目
1. 結構強度/耐久分析
2. 整車振動噪音分析
3. 碰撞分析
結構分析可以得到車架彎曲/扭轉剛性
耐久則是計算累積應變能,判斷材料疲勞
振動分析因變形量小,基本上近似線性,使用隱式積分求解
碰撞有別於上述幾種分析,因為涉及材料大變形、接觸、暫態/動態行為
屬於非線性分析,採用顯示積分求解
而且碰撞分析雖然常設定在100ms左右,但求解時間非常冗長
業界常用的碰撞分析軟體是LS-DYNA
因為整車零件數眾多,基本上前處理會透過HyperWorks或ANSA等前處理平台
https://file.scirp.org/pdf/JTTs_2014102916121727.pdf
碰撞分析會看車室變形量空間以及加速度
文中指出前方潰縮設計結構增厚可以吸收更多能量,降低車室空間變形
碰撞分析在材料設定方面會複雜許多
不只原文和原文推文中提到的屈服/抗拉強度、彈性模數
基本上要涵蓋該材料完整的應力應變曲線(stress strain curve)
有趣的是這條曲線會隨溫度或施加負載速度而改變
因碰撞是時域問題,探討材料特性多半會提到應變率(strain rate)
材料屈服/抗拉強度並非定值,會受到應變率(strain rate)影響
https://i.imgur.com/LZAEAQk.jpg
像這篇探討應變率對抗拉強度和應變斷裂影響
https://reurl.cc/5vezq
總而言之,材料抗拉強度以及如何斷裂會因為變形速度不同而不同
並不是高強度鋼材不重要
而是不單純只看鋼材屈服/抗拉強度這麼簡單
即使是軟體分析中需要的材料參數,也是從大量材料試驗結果取得
廠商會標示出來鋼材分布圖,算是讓一般消費者有個簡單的數字比較基礎
在鋼材強度上大做文章其實沒必要
其他像是整體結構幾何設計(抗彎/抗扭),焊接品質也是需要考量的
實際車體結構安不安全,還是得看NCAP、IIHS等實際撞測標準
※ 引述《Pamplona ( ̄︶ ̄)》之銘言:
: https://www.google.com.tw/amp/s/kknews.cc/car/j8p2p8e.amp
: https://goo.gl/pdpGG4
: 鋼板強度有分為拉抗強度與屈服強度
: 在沒有特定表示車體鋼材用的是拉抗強度或屈服強度的狀況下
: 強度單位都是MPa
: 比如某某車廠說用上了1500MPa超高強度鋼材,但其實是拉抗強度而非屈服強度
: 要如何區分同樣是1500MPa的鋼材是採用哪種標準測得的?
: 唯有實際撞擊測試才能見真章?!
: -----
: Sent from JPTT on my iPhone
--
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