極端低溫充電成問題,美國電動車主怨「冬 - 汽車
By Elizabeth
at 2022-12-27T21:06
at 2022-12-27T21:06
Table of Contents
原文連結:
https://technews.tw/2022/12/26/ev-drive-in-winter/
原文內容:
極端低溫充電成問題,美國電動車主怨「冬天開 EV 是大考驗」
作者 黃 嬿 | 發布日期 2022 年 12 月 26 日 13:55 | 分類 充電站 , 能源科技 , 電
力儲存
https://i.imgur.com/FDbfFif.jpg
全世界許多國家都在解決電動車充電問題,加速興建充電設施讓充電更方便,車商也不斷
精進電池技術,但是遇到異常低溫,電動車可能會成為車主的絆腳石。電動車的鋰離子電
池不喜歡冰凍溫度,最近在美國面臨極度嚴寒,已經有特斯拉車主反映冰凍天氣期間電量
大降,且無法充電。
某特斯拉車主對外媒表示,當室外氣溫 19°F 約零下 7°C,電池電量為 40%,他在出門
前充電,但充了 2 小時電池電量變化不大,隨著溫度愈來愈低,充電效率愈來愈低,最
後完全停止充電,他的車當時只有 19 英里的續航里程,因此被迫取消假期計畫。
另一名在紐約工作的台灣科技工作者在紐約遭受冰風暴期間,也在社群反映特斯拉電量問
題,直言「冬天對電車真的是一大考驗,零度以下 Model Y 連交流電 charging 都提示
你必須先加熱電池,過去只有直流快充需要先預熱,造成整個充電速度大幅降低,車停在
停車場如果採取哨兵模式 (sentry mode) 一整晚沒關,掉電可以掉到近 10%。」
由於鋰離子電池的化學性質,在低於冰點的條件下充電會導致鋰電鍍而損壞電池,因此在
寒冷的天氣裡,充電過程會將一些時間用於將電池加熱到適當的溫度,因此需要更長的充
電時間。低溫下可用電量也會更少,一些電動汽車製造商,如特斯拉會限制在電動車電池
溫度過低時可以使用的電池電量,保留的電量在電池升溫時就可以恢復正常,目的是為了
保護電池。
因此在寒冷氣候中開電動車,續航里程會大幅衰退。美國汽車協會 (AAA) 在冬季環境中
測試特斯拉 Model 3,在 20°F 的天氣下,平均續駛里程減少 41%。實驗包括讓 Model
3 停駛並讓車廂冷卻下來,如此一來當要再啟動時,電池一部分電力必須用來加熱車廂,
導致車輛的實際續航里程更少,但實驗當時特斯拉車款沒有配備熱泵系統,因此現在的車
加熱效率會比電阻加熱更高一點。
電池終究有極限
根據挪威汽車聯合會數據,挪威所有新車一半是電動車,測試發現冬天電動車會損失約
20% 行駛里程,並在寒冷溫度下需要更長時間才能充電。專家與車商都提供電動車車主
在冬天最大限度延長寒行駛里程,包括不用車時隨時將車插上電源,保持車子溫度,還可
設定出發時間讓車子預熱、電池先充電等。
不過電池終究有極限。密西根大學能源研究所所長稱,電池就像人類,喜歡和人們一樣的
溫度範圍,任何低於 40°F (約 4°C) 或高於 115°F (約 46°C) 溫度,就不會發揮最
佳性能。
雖然開特斯拉很拉風,溫暖時充電也不是問題,偶爾面對嚴寒氣候也有一些駕駛指南可參
考,但如果將來碰到異常低溫的機會愈來愈多,不想要那麼多科技設定纏身的人,可能開
汽油車比較適合。
Tesla owner says he had to cancel Christmas plans because car would not
charge in freezing weather
Why Does Your EV’s Range Diminish During the Winter?
The cold hard truth about electric vehicles in winter
心得/說明:(30字以上)
看來目前還是買日本品牌的油電混合動力車比較能適應環境,油電混動車環保高效又不怕低溫儲電下降。並且萬一又碰上冬季電價大漲,電動車車主們我看真的是欲哭無淚。
--
https://technews.tw/2022/12/26/ev-drive-in-winter/
原文內容:
極端低溫充電成問題,美國電動車主怨「冬天開 EV 是大考驗」
作者 黃 嬿 | 發布日期 2022 年 12 月 26 日 13:55 | 分類 充電站 , 能源科技 , 電
力儲存
https://i.imgur.com/FDbfFif.jpg
全世界許多國家都在解決電動車充電問題,加速興建充電設施讓充電更方便,車商也不斷
精進電池技術,但是遇到異常低溫,電動車可能會成為車主的絆腳石。電動車的鋰離子電
池不喜歡冰凍溫度,最近在美國面臨極度嚴寒,已經有特斯拉車主反映冰凍天氣期間電量
大降,且無法充電。
某特斯拉車主對外媒表示,當室外氣溫 19°F 約零下 7°C,電池電量為 40%,他在出門
前充電,但充了 2 小時電池電量變化不大,隨著溫度愈來愈低,充電效率愈來愈低,最
後完全停止充電,他的車當時只有 19 英里的續航里程,因此被迫取消假期計畫。
另一名在紐約工作的台灣科技工作者在紐約遭受冰風暴期間,也在社群反映特斯拉電量問
題,直言「冬天對電車真的是一大考驗,零度以下 Model Y 連交流電 charging 都提示
你必須先加熱電池,過去只有直流快充需要先預熱,造成整個充電速度大幅降低,車停在
停車場如果採取哨兵模式 (sentry mode) 一整晚沒關,掉電可以掉到近 10%。」
由於鋰離子電池的化學性質,在低於冰點的條件下充電會導致鋰電鍍而損壞電池,因此在
寒冷的天氣裡,充電過程會將一些時間用於將電池加熱到適當的溫度,因此需要更長的充
電時間。低溫下可用電量也會更少,一些電動汽車製造商,如特斯拉會限制在電動車電池
溫度過低時可以使用的電池電量,保留的電量在電池升溫時就可以恢復正常,目的是為了
保護電池。
因此在寒冷氣候中開電動車,續航里程會大幅衰退。美國汽車協會 (AAA) 在冬季環境中
測試特斯拉 Model 3,在 20°F 的天氣下,平均續駛里程減少 41%。實驗包括讓 Model
3 停駛並讓車廂冷卻下來,如此一來當要再啟動時,電池一部分電力必須用來加熱車廂,
導致車輛的實際續航里程更少,但實驗當時特斯拉車款沒有配備熱泵系統,因此現在的車
加熱效率會比電阻加熱更高一點。
電池終究有極限
根據挪威汽車聯合會數據,挪威所有新車一半是電動車,測試發現冬天電動車會損失約
20% 行駛里程,並在寒冷溫度下需要更長時間才能充電。專家與車商都提供電動車車主
在冬天最大限度延長寒行駛里程,包括不用車時隨時將車插上電源,保持車子溫度,還可
設定出發時間讓車子預熱、電池先充電等。
不過電池終究有極限。密西根大學能源研究所所長稱,電池就像人類,喜歡和人們一樣的
溫度範圍,任何低於 40°F (約 4°C) 或高於 115°F (約 46°C) 溫度,就不會發揮最
佳性能。
雖然開特斯拉很拉風,溫暖時充電也不是問題,偶爾面對嚴寒氣候也有一些駕駛指南可參
考,但如果將來碰到異常低溫的機會愈來愈多,不想要那麼多科技設定纏身的人,可能開
汽油車比較適合。
Tesla owner says he had to cancel Christmas plans because car would not
charge in freezing weather
Why Does Your EV’s Range Diminish During the Winter?
The cold hard truth about electric vehicles in winter
心得/說明:(30字以上)
看來目前還是買日本品牌的油電混合動力車比較能適應環境,油電混動車環保高效又不怕低溫儲電下降。並且萬一又碰上冬季電價大漲,電動車車主們我看真的是欲哭無淚。
--
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