汽車自動駕駛的道德兩難 該救誰的命? - 汽車
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By Victoria
at 2016-10-08T19:42
at 2016-10-08T19:42
Table of Contents
歐美日有多家車廠正在研發自動駕駛系統,例如Volvo、賓士、福特、Toyota、Honda...
等等。
但汽車自動駕駛系統在遇到緊急狀況時,電腦可能必須去抉擇要拯救誰的性命
以及要犧牲誰的性命,
誰的命的比較重要?這就會牽扯到倫理道德和法律層面的問題了。
美國MIT麻省理工學院,為此製作一個車禍情境模擬問卷調查網,
參與作答者能夠決定自動駕駛車輛在緊急狀況時,應該去撞死誰,以及應該拯救誰的命。
統計結果可以讓自動駕駛的道德決策演算法有個依循根據。
(圖) 汽車自動駕駛應該保護車上乘客的性命,犧牲行人,或是拯救行人,犧牲車上乘客
http://i.imgur.com/b7CqkxR.jpg
MIT車禍情境模擬問卷的統計結果,顯示出作答者們的偏好模式,
有優先救年輕人,不救老年人的強烈傾向。
優先選擇拯救人數比較多的,去犧牲人數比較少的一方。
優先救社會地位高的人,例如醫生、上班族,不救社會地位低的人,例如銀行搶匪。
先救人類,不救寵物。
先救健身體格好的人,不救肥胖的人。
優先救遵守紅綠燈的行人,比較不救違規的行人。
至於要先救自動駕駛車上的乘客還是路上行人的性命,意見統計則是50/50各半。
(圖) 美國MIT自動駕駛問卷調查,其中一個問卷結果的示意圖
http://i.imgur.com/Gbo6pnw.jpg
英國IET工程與科技研究院,交通運輸政策首席顧問Sahar Danesh說,
自動駕駛系統攸關誰的性命比較優先重要,所以一定要有一個平台,
可以讓保險業者、法律專家、健康專家和道德倫理學專家一同協商討論,釐清相關爭議。
越多人參與討論,就會產生更佳的決策成果,自動駕駛系統的演算法也會跟著更好。
(註: 在Sahar Danesh眼中,似乎只有保險業者和專家學者,民眾的意見比較不重要。)
同場加映
美國MIT麻省理工學院 自動駕駛系統的道德抉擇問卷網頁
MIT Moral Machine
http://moralmachine.mit.edu/
問卷題目都是由圖片構成,內容簡單易懂。
問卷有十幾個圖片問答題,在問答情境裡面,有很多角色,
像是年輕人、孕婦、小孩、老人、上班族、醫生、銀行搶匪、胖子、體型健康者、
遵守紅綠燈的行人、違規的行人....等等
作答者可以保存自己的道德問卷調查結果,點選Link或Share按鈕就會有專屬的永久網址
(圖) 美國MIT汽車自動駕駛道德問卷示意圖,由你決定生與死
http://i.imgur.com/8tizT9E.jpg
(圖) MIT自動駕駛問卷結果示意圖
http://i.imgur.com/LqagtLr.jpg
出處
Autonomous cars: who should they save in a crash?
https://is.gd/XzP9Nn
--
等等。
但汽車自動駕駛系統在遇到緊急狀況時,電腦可能必須去抉擇要拯救誰的性命
以及要犧牲誰的性命,
誰的命的比較重要?這就會牽扯到倫理道德和法律層面的問題了。
美國MIT麻省理工學院,為此製作一個車禍情境模擬問卷調查網,
參與作答者能夠決定自動駕駛車輛在緊急狀況時,應該去撞死誰,以及應該拯救誰的命。
統計結果可以讓自動駕駛的道德決策演算法有個依循根據。
(圖) 汽車自動駕駛應該保護車上乘客的性命,犧牲行人,或是拯救行人,犧牲車上乘客
http://i.imgur.com/b7CqkxR.jpg
MIT車禍情境模擬問卷的統計結果,顯示出作答者們的偏好模式,
有優先救年輕人,不救老年人的強烈傾向。
優先選擇拯救人數比較多的,去犧牲人數比較少的一方。
優先救社會地位高的人,例如醫生、上班族,不救社會地位低的人,例如銀行搶匪。
先救人類,不救寵物。
先救健身體格好的人,不救肥胖的人。
優先救遵守紅綠燈的行人,比較不救違規的行人。
至於要先救自動駕駛車上的乘客還是路上行人的性命,意見統計則是50/50各半。
(圖) 美國MIT自動駕駛問卷調查,其中一個問卷結果的示意圖
http://i.imgur.com/Gbo6pnw.jpg
英國IET工程與科技研究院,交通運輸政策首席顧問Sahar Danesh說,
自動駕駛系統攸關誰的性命比較優先重要,所以一定要有一個平台,
可以讓保險業者、法律專家、健康專家和道德倫理學專家一同協商討論,釐清相關爭議。
越多人參與討論,就會產生更佳的決策成果,自動駕駛系統的演算法也會跟著更好。
(註: 在Sahar Danesh眼中,似乎只有保險業者和專家學者,民眾的意見比較不重要。)
同場加映
美國MIT麻省理工學院 自動駕駛系統的道德抉擇問卷網頁
MIT Moral Machine
http://moralmachine.mit.edu/
問卷題目都是由圖片構成,內容簡單易懂。
問卷有十幾個圖片問答題,在問答情境裡面,有很多角色,
像是年輕人、孕婦、小孩、老人、上班族、醫生、銀行搶匪、胖子、體型健康者、
遵守紅綠燈的行人、違規的行人....等等
作答者可以保存自己的道德問卷調查結果,點選Link或Share按鈕就會有專屬的永久網址
(圖) 美國MIT汽車自動駕駛道德問卷示意圖,由你決定生與死
http://i.imgur.com/8tizT9E.jpg
(圖) MIT自動駕駛問卷結果示意圖
http://i.imgur.com/LqagtLr.jpg
出處
Autonomous cars: who should they save in a crash?
https://is.gd/XzP9Nn
--
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By Hamiltion
at 2016-10-08T19:24
at 2016-10-08T19:24
美國MIT線上問卷 讓你決定自動駕駛該撞誰
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By Olive
at 2016-10-08T19:09
at 2016-10-08T19:09
Lancer fortis 1.8豪華菜單請益
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By Doris
at 2016-10-08T18:21
at 2016-10-08T18:21
altis safety+北部菜單請益
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By Rae
at 2016-10-08T18:05
at 2016-10-08T18:05