站在油與電的路口:全球車市霸主 TOYOTA - 汽車
By Frederica
at 2019-12-07T06:02
at 2019-12-07T06:02
Table of Contents
(原文恕刪)
看到這篇新聞,有很多想法。其實現在的態勢
,真的很像當初智慧型手機初出茅廬,與傳統
手機競爭的複刻。
爆炸性的創新發明,往往需要科技發展跟上,
配合好的想法,便會橫空出世。當初蘋果手機
便是在觸控面板技術的成熟,後來3G的發展
,加上賈伯斯對設計的天才敏銳度,成就了如
今蘋果的手機霸業。
現在已經消失的公司,
當年哪個不是不可一世,
在手機市場呼風喚雨?
Nokia、Sony Ericsson、Motorola
如今都成歷史
為什麼?
因為他們沒真正搞懂智慧型手機的優勢。
而蘋果知道,並且將其應用到淋漓盡致。
他們完全扭轉了手機使用者的習慣
你需要更直覺、快速的使用->全觸控面板
需要與時俱進的新功能->App Store
語音助理無法因地、因時制宜->Siri
當然還有像iMessage、不可更換電池記憶體
、micro、nano SIM這些一開始被嘲笑但現在
大家都習以為常的特點,都算是蘋果的"創見"。
所以那些傳統公司沒搞懂的,是"智慧型”的含
意,不是單純的硬體創新,而是軟體的革新,
以及如何讓硬體設計完美結合軟體。
抱歉離題了,回到汽車製造。現在的電動車熱
潮,一部分是電池製造成本的降低,另一部分
,其實是晶片技術的進步。甚至,後者佔了更
多影響。
別忘了,當初特斯拉能起來,絕不是電池突然
變便宜,而是他超越大家想像,把原先汽車製
造廠想都沒想過的18650小電池不講理的串起
。但之前不敢想,也是因為沒人知道怎麼處理
幾千顆電池的充放電,大家都認為這種把四驅
車直接放大百倍的做法注定失敗。但憑藉將電
池管理高科技化,利用晶片處理每一小區塊的
充放電,實現大幅降低電池成本,且提高儲電
密度。就這樣,第一款可媲美油車的電動車就
此問世。
但,絕對不僅如此。一個天才能帶來的想法,
覺得不只是一個點,而是能連成一線,甚至構
成一個面的創新。
汽車有了大量的電,絕不只是驅動車子那麼簡
單。車用晶片、相機、螢幕、雷達、感測器,
這些大量的電子用品都需要許多電,過去要驅
動滿車的高科技,可能需要相當大的電瓶,如
今直接省去油轉電的過程,帶來效率的提升,
進而能加入更多的車用電子,讓汽車智慧化成
為可能。
另一項重點,便是連網。十年前有誰想的到,
現在的汽車可以透過網路更新,就能提升油耗
?這也得益於使用晶片管理電池。還有許多的
細部改善,原本只能招回原廠處理的問題,都
能透過連網更新修復,這,就是科技創新。
結合5G+AI,更是有無可限量的潛力。
只要每台車有共通的協定,便可將目前位置傳
送上網,未來只要是可連網的汽車,便沒有對
撞的可能。車用電腦圖像辨識能力不足?只要
將即時影像傳到數據中心,就可讓你有媲美超
級電腦的AI處理能力,讓自動駕駛絕對安全。
都市還能加上道路攝影機,即時傳送路人位置
,讓你撞三寶機會都沒有。
未來真。共享汽車應該也會風行,可以取代大
多數計程車和私家車。要坐車就和叫Uber一
樣,只要給起終點,就會指派最近的車過來,
半夜用量少時便自己存放到郊區停車場,停車
再也不是問題。讓用車成本大降,卻同時減少
城市車輛和停車場。
自動駕駛大貨車讓學長在日間近乎絕跡,因為
透過半夜車少時運送更有效率,也不用加班費
。你能想像這會減少多少高速公路組塞、提高
多少安全嗎?甚至未來有自動車車道,一道就
能塞一堆車,但又絕對安全快速。
只有電動車才有可能真正做到”無駕駛”化。
從開車、停車、充電都不需要人,還能24小時
待機連網,有需要時馬上出動,以及加上整車
的電子儀器,這些都是油車無法做到的。
電動車帶來的科技創新,絕對不只是表面上的
新式動力來源,而是能從頭到腳改變汽車產業
的奇點。就好像蘋果手機,他改變手機的用途
,讓手機不只是講電話的產品,而更像有電話
功能,附帶耳機麥克風和相機的電腦。電動車
帶來的車用電子革新,也就是智慧車帶來的影
響,絕對是對交通運輸產業的完全革新。如果
傳統汽車公司還在墨守成規,用傳統造車思維
,被淘汰的速度,應該不會比Nokia慢多少。
另一方面,高科技整合其實是台灣強項,每一
次的產業革新,都是落後國翻身的機會,因為
沒有後顧之憂,往往能更快的擁抱新科技,進
而得利。台灣不一定要掌握所有造車技術,但
只要能打入智慧車供應鏈,甚至掌握其中幾項
關鍵技術,就夠我們吃香喝辣好一陣了。
--
看到這篇新聞,有很多想法。其實現在的態勢
,真的很像當初智慧型手機初出茅廬,與傳統
手機競爭的複刻。
爆炸性的創新發明,往往需要科技發展跟上,
配合好的想法,便會橫空出世。當初蘋果手機
便是在觸控面板技術的成熟,後來3G的發展
,加上賈伯斯對設計的天才敏銳度,成就了如
今蘋果的手機霸業。
現在已經消失的公司,
當年哪個不是不可一世,
在手機市場呼風喚雨?
Nokia、Sony Ericsson、Motorola
如今都成歷史
為什麼?
因為他們沒真正搞懂智慧型手機的優勢。
而蘋果知道,並且將其應用到淋漓盡致。
他們完全扭轉了手機使用者的習慣
你需要更直覺、快速的使用->全觸控面板
需要與時俱進的新功能->App Store
語音助理無法因地、因時制宜->Siri
當然還有像iMessage、不可更換電池記憶體
、micro、nano SIM這些一開始被嘲笑但現在
大家都習以為常的特點,都算是蘋果的"創見"。
所以那些傳統公司沒搞懂的,是"智慧型”的含
意,不是單純的硬體創新,而是軟體的革新,
以及如何讓硬體設計完美結合軟體。
抱歉離題了,回到汽車製造。現在的電動車熱
潮,一部分是電池製造成本的降低,另一部分
,其實是晶片技術的進步。甚至,後者佔了更
多影響。
別忘了,當初特斯拉能起來,絕不是電池突然
變便宜,而是他超越大家想像,把原先汽車製
造廠想都沒想過的18650小電池不講理的串起
。但之前不敢想,也是因為沒人知道怎麼處理
幾千顆電池的充放電,大家都認為這種把四驅
車直接放大百倍的做法注定失敗。但憑藉將電
池管理高科技化,利用晶片處理每一小區塊的
充放電,實現大幅降低電池成本,且提高儲電
密度。就這樣,第一款可媲美油車的電動車就
此問世。
但,絕對不僅如此。一個天才能帶來的想法,
覺得不只是一個點,而是能連成一線,甚至構
成一個面的創新。
汽車有了大量的電,絕不只是驅動車子那麼簡
單。車用晶片、相機、螢幕、雷達、感測器,
這些大量的電子用品都需要許多電,過去要驅
動滿車的高科技,可能需要相當大的電瓶,如
今直接省去油轉電的過程,帶來效率的提升,
進而能加入更多的車用電子,讓汽車智慧化成
為可能。
另一項重點,便是連網。十年前有誰想的到,
現在的汽車可以透過網路更新,就能提升油耗
?這也得益於使用晶片管理電池。還有許多的
細部改善,原本只能招回原廠處理的問題,都
能透過連網更新修復,這,就是科技創新。
結合5G+AI,更是有無可限量的潛力。
只要每台車有共通的協定,便可將目前位置傳
送上網,未來只要是可連網的汽車,便沒有對
撞的可能。車用電腦圖像辨識能力不足?只要
將即時影像傳到數據中心,就可讓你有媲美超
級電腦的AI處理能力,讓自動駕駛絕對安全。
都市還能加上道路攝影機,即時傳送路人位置
,讓你撞三寶機會都沒有。
未來真。共享汽車應該也會風行,可以取代大
多數計程車和私家車。要坐車就和叫Uber一
樣,只要給起終點,就會指派最近的車過來,
半夜用量少時便自己存放到郊區停車場,停車
再也不是問題。讓用車成本大降,卻同時減少
城市車輛和停車場。
自動駕駛大貨車讓學長在日間近乎絕跡,因為
透過半夜車少時運送更有效率,也不用加班費
。你能想像這會減少多少高速公路組塞、提高
多少安全嗎?甚至未來有自動車車道,一道就
能塞一堆車,但又絕對安全快速。
只有電動車才有可能真正做到”無駕駛”化。
從開車、停車、充電都不需要人,還能24小時
待機連網,有需要時馬上出動,以及加上整車
的電子儀器,這些都是油車無法做到的。
電動車帶來的科技創新,絕對不只是表面上的
新式動力來源,而是能從頭到腳改變汽車產業
的奇點。就好像蘋果手機,他改變手機的用途
,讓手機不只是講電話的產品,而更像有電話
功能,附帶耳機麥克風和相機的電腦。電動車
帶來的車用電子革新,也就是智慧車帶來的影
響,絕對是對交通運輸產業的完全革新。如果
傳統汽車公司還在墨守成規,用傳統造車思維
,被淘汰的速度,應該不會比Nokia慢多少。
另一方面,高科技整合其實是台灣強項,每一
次的產業革新,都是落後國翻身的機會,因為
沒有後顧之憂,往往能更快的擁抱新科技,進
而得利。台灣不一定要掌握所有造車技術,但
只要能打入智慧車供應鏈,甚至掌握其中幾項
關鍵技術,就夠我們吃香喝辣好一陣了。
--
All Comments
By Mary
at 2019-12-11T18:25
at 2019-12-11T18:25
By Rachel
at 2019-12-16T15:28
at 2019-12-16T15:28
By Valerie
at 2019-12-19T15:22
at 2019-12-19T15:22
By Selena
at 2019-12-22T02:23
at 2019-12-22T02:23
By Joe
at 2019-12-22T03:40
at 2019-12-22T03:40
By Yuri
at 2019-12-23T15:15
at 2019-12-23T15:15
By Joseph
at 2019-12-24T08:32
at 2019-12-24T08:32
By Edith
at 2019-12-29T08:09
at 2019-12-29T08:09
By Audriana
at 2020-01-01T08:03
at 2020-01-01T08:03
By Michael
at 2020-01-02T05:37
at 2020-01-02T05:37
By Oscar
at 2020-01-04T16:16
at 2020-01-04T16:16
By Candice
at 2020-01-08T10:23
at 2020-01-08T10:23
By Rebecca
at 2020-01-08T21:49
at 2020-01-08T21:49
By Agnes
at 2020-01-09T15:37
at 2020-01-09T15:37
By Ina
at 2020-01-12T14:04
at 2020-01-12T14:04
By Poppy
at 2020-01-16T11:29
at 2020-01-16T11:29
By Ida
at 2020-01-20T08:56
at 2020-01-20T08:56
By Belly
at 2020-01-24T03:53
at 2020-01-24T03:53
By Jack
at 2020-01-25T02:42
at 2020-01-25T02:42
By Yuri
at 2020-01-26T01:03
at 2020-01-26T01:03
By Jacob
at 2020-01-29T08:52
at 2020-01-29T08:52
By Puput
at 2020-01-30T04:57
at 2020-01-30T04:57
By Hedwig
at 2020-01-31T02:11
at 2020-01-31T02:11
By Rachel
at 2020-02-03T09:12
at 2020-02-03T09:12
By Gilbert
at 2020-02-03T11:31
at 2020-02-03T11:31
By Bethany
at 2020-02-03T23:02
at 2020-02-03T23:02
By Iris
at 2020-02-07T15:47
at 2020-02-07T15:47
By Zora
at 2020-02-11T16:06
at 2020-02-11T16:06
By Zora
at 2020-02-15T18:57
at 2020-02-15T18:57
By Eartha
at 2020-02-20T08:46
at 2020-02-20T08:46
By Dora
at 2020-02-24T01:51
at 2020-02-24T01:51
By Selena
at 2020-02-25T10:17
at 2020-02-25T10:17
By Christine
at 2020-02-25T17:22
at 2020-02-25T17:22
By Thomas
at 2020-03-01T13:51
at 2020-03-01T13:51
By Christine
at 2020-03-04T03:12
at 2020-03-04T03:12
By Kelly
at 2020-03-06T03:05
at 2020-03-06T03:05
By Eartha
at 2020-03-10T02:35
at 2020-03-10T02:35
By Olga
at 2020-03-13T15:31
at 2020-03-13T15:31
By Callum
at 2020-03-15T00:48
at 2020-03-15T00:48
By Dorothy
at 2020-03-18T13:05
at 2020-03-18T13:05
By Susan
at 2020-03-18T15:59
at 2020-03-18T15:59
By Valerie
at 2020-03-20T18:41
at 2020-03-20T18:41
By James
at 2020-03-25T13:37
at 2020-03-25T13:37
By Oliver
at 2020-03-30T05:29
at 2020-03-30T05:29
By Oliver
at 2020-04-02T10:32
at 2020-04-02T10:32
By Quanna
at 2020-04-06T04:00
at 2020-04-06T04:00
By Ivy
at 2020-04-06T08:15
at 2020-04-06T08:15
By Ophelia
at 2020-04-10T17:08
at 2020-04-10T17:08
By Caroline
at 2020-04-13T05:27
at 2020-04-13T05:27
By Xanthe
at 2020-04-13T09:04
at 2020-04-13T09:04
By Oliver
at 2020-04-13T12:00
at 2020-04-13T12:00
By Liam
at 2020-04-17T05:28
at 2020-04-17T05:28
By Barb Cronin
at 2020-04-20T23:27
at 2020-04-20T23:27
By Gary
at 2020-04-21T13:03
at 2020-04-21T13:03
By Suhail Hany
at 2020-04-22T17:49
at 2020-04-22T17:49
By Daniel
at 2020-04-24T13:50
at 2020-04-24T13:50
By Christine
at 2020-04-27T14:30
at 2020-04-27T14:30
By Edwina
at 2020-05-01T10:14
at 2020-05-01T10:14
By Andrew
at 2020-05-03T16:58
at 2020-05-03T16:58
By Genevieve
at 2020-05-07T20:44
at 2020-05-07T20:44
By Andy
at 2020-05-09T23:31
at 2020-05-09T23:31
By Bennie
at 2020-05-14T20:02
at 2020-05-14T20:02
By George
at 2020-05-19T12:52
at 2020-05-19T12:52
By William
at 2020-05-22T09:51
at 2020-05-22T09:51
By David
at 2020-05-23T20:28
at 2020-05-23T20:28
By Bennie
at 2020-05-27T21:27
at 2020-05-27T21:27
By Kelly
at 2020-05-28T12:14
at 2020-05-28T12:14
By Odelette
at 2020-05-29T20:18
at 2020-05-29T20:18
By Ina
at 2020-05-30T17:57
at 2020-05-30T17:57
By Harry
at 2020-06-02T22:02
at 2020-06-02T22:02
By Dora
at 2020-06-04T10:35
at 2020-06-04T10:35
By Olive
at 2020-06-08T12:02
at 2020-06-08T12:02
By George
at 2020-06-13T01:36
at 2020-06-13T01:36
By Skylar DavisLinda
at 2020-06-13T14:54
at 2020-06-13T14:54
By Caitlin
at 2020-06-18T07:45
at 2020-06-18T07:45
By David
at 2020-06-18T16:54
at 2020-06-18T16:54
By Edward Lewis
at 2020-06-22T09:36
at 2020-06-22T09:36
By Tracy
at 2020-06-24T20:08
at 2020-06-24T20:08
By Erin
at 2020-06-27T22:59
at 2020-06-27T22:59
By Ida
at 2020-06-28T02:39
at 2020-06-28T02:39
By Heather
at 2020-07-01T03:07
at 2020-07-01T03:07
By Lydia
at 2020-07-04T07:05
at 2020-07-04T07:05
By Charlotte
at 2020-07-05T22:45
at 2020-07-05T22:45
By David
at 2020-07-08T07:38
at 2020-07-08T07:38
By Agatha
at 2020-07-12T10:14
at 2020-07-12T10:14
By Rachel
at 2020-07-16T17:21
at 2020-07-16T17:21
By Ida
at 2020-07-16T18:54
at 2020-07-16T18:54
By Lily
at 2020-07-21T10:15
at 2020-07-21T10:15
By Todd Johnson
at 2020-07-25T15:16
at 2020-07-25T15:16
By Emily
at 2020-07-28T07:56
at 2020-07-28T07:56
By Elvira
at 2020-07-29T09:25
at 2020-07-29T09:25
By Ingrid
at 2020-07-29T21:16
at 2020-07-29T21:16
By Vanessa
at 2020-07-31T17:57
at 2020-07-31T17:57
By Puput
at 2020-07-31T22:46
at 2020-07-31T22:46
By Enid
at 2020-08-03T16:41
at 2020-08-03T16:41
By Jack
at 2020-08-04T06:35
at 2020-08-04T06:35
By Madame
at 2020-08-04T22:47
at 2020-08-04T22:47
By Rachel
at 2020-08-06T11:27
at 2020-08-06T11:27
By Isabella
at 2020-08-10T08:20
at 2020-08-10T08:20
By Ina
at 2020-08-12T05:37
at 2020-08-12T05:37
By Kelly
at 2020-08-14T13:32
at 2020-08-14T13:32
By Hamiltion
at 2020-08-17T00:00
at 2020-08-17T00:00
By Steve
at 2020-08-20T01:56
at 2020-08-20T01:56
By Rosalind
at 2020-08-21T12:50
at 2020-08-21T12:50
By Frederic
at 2020-08-22T03:27
at 2020-08-22T03:27
By Lydia
at 2020-08-26T03:59
at 2020-08-26T03:59
By Edith
at 2020-08-28T09:52
at 2020-08-28T09:52
By Tracy
at 2020-08-29T05:10
at 2020-08-29T05:10
By George
at 2020-08-31T23:51
at 2020-08-31T23:51
By Freda
at 2020-09-04T03:25
at 2020-09-04T03:25
By Mia
at 2020-09-05T13:05
at 2020-09-05T13:05
By Yuri
at 2020-09-07T09:30
at 2020-09-07T09:30
By Connor
at 2020-09-11T01:21
at 2020-09-11T01:21
By Caroline
at 2020-09-15T21:40
at 2020-09-15T21:40
By Freda
at 2020-09-18T13:26
at 2020-09-18T13:26
By Genevieve
at 2020-09-22T08:46
at 2020-09-22T08:46
By Harry
at 2020-09-24T17:52
at 2020-09-24T17:52
By Puput
at 2020-09-26T05:54
at 2020-09-26T05:54
By Necoo
at 2020-09-30T03:28
at 2020-09-30T03:28
By Gary
at 2020-10-04T10:49
at 2020-10-04T10:49
By Suhail Hany
at 2020-10-08T06:26
at 2020-10-08T06:26
By William
at 2020-10-12T23:01
at 2020-10-12T23:01
By Linda
at 2020-10-13T07:18
at 2020-10-13T07:18
By Regina
at 2020-10-14T12:37
at 2020-10-14T12:37
By Steve
at 2020-10-15T18:56
at 2020-10-15T18:56
By Anthony
at 2020-10-17T23:15
at 2020-10-17T23:15
By Damian
at 2020-10-21T02:47
at 2020-10-21T02:47
By Kama
at 2020-10-23T17:09
at 2020-10-23T17:09
By Elvira
at 2020-10-27T02:05
at 2020-10-27T02:05
By Selena
at 2020-10-31T10:01
at 2020-10-31T10:01
By Belly
at 2020-11-03T11:51
at 2020-11-03T11:51
By Blanche
at 2020-11-08T05:42
at 2020-11-08T05:42
By Jake
at 2020-11-10T12:24
at 2020-11-10T12:24
By Charlie
at 2020-11-15T10:16
at 2020-11-15T10:16
By Eartha
at 2020-11-19T07:23
at 2020-11-19T07:23
By Ula
at 2020-11-20T16:15
at 2020-11-20T16:15
By Franklin
at 2020-11-21T02:23
at 2020-11-21T02:23
By David
at 2020-11-25T23:54
at 2020-11-25T23:54
By Damian
at 2020-11-29T05:38
at 2020-11-29T05:38
By Delia
at 2020-11-29T22:13
at 2020-11-29T22:13
By Audriana
at 2020-11-30T23:54
at 2020-11-30T23:54
By Joe
at 2020-12-01T19:54
at 2020-12-01T19:54
By Regina
at 2020-12-02T10:39
at 2020-12-02T10:39
By Franklin
at 2020-12-05T02:14
at 2020-12-05T02:14
By Sarah
at 2020-12-06T14:44
at 2020-12-06T14:44
By Frederic
at 2020-12-08T04:36
at 2020-12-08T04:36
By Delia
at 2020-12-08T09:16
at 2020-12-08T09:16
By Ida
at 2020-12-08T18:08
at 2020-12-08T18:08
By Caitlin
at 2020-12-13T02:45
at 2020-12-13T02:45
By Skylar DavisLinda
at 2020-12-14T17:12
at 2020-12-14T17:12
By Todd Johnson
at 2020-12-16T03:36
at 2020-12-16T03:36
By Hedy
at 2020-12-18T21:43
at 2020-12-18T21:43
By Ingrid
at 2020-12-22T19:40
at 2020-12-22T19:40
By Brianna
at 2020-12-25T03:16
at 2020-12-25T03:16
By Ina
at 2020-12-29T13:22
at 2020-12-29T13:22
By Queena
at 2021-01-01T07:45
at 2021-01-01T07:45
By Gilbert
at 2021-01-05T14:41
at 2021-01-05T14:41
By Puput
at 2021-01-09T16:47
at 2021-01-09T16:47
By Zora
at 2021-01-13T05:07
at 2021-01-13T05:07
By Edward Lewis
at 2021-01-13T16:31
at 2021-01-13T16:31
By Liam
at 2021-01-17T04:09
at 2021-01-17T04:09
By Vanessa
at 2021-01-20T05:28
at 2021-01-20T05:28
By Agatha
at 2021-01-23T06:43
at 2021-01-23T06:43
By Ingrid
at 2021-01-24T13:02
at 2021-01-24T13:02
By Zora
at 2021-01-25T15:07
at 2021-01-25T15:07
By Frederica
at 2021-01-27T19:49
at 2021-01-27T19:49
By Hedwig
at 2021-01-30T21:10
at 2021-01-30T21:10
By Emma
at 2021-02-02T02:16
at 2021-02-02T02:16
By Elvira
at 2021-02-02T17:58
at 2021-02-02T17:58
By Liam
at 2021-02-05T06:56
at 2021-02-05T06:56
By Rebecca
at 2021-02-09T22:23
at 2021-02-09T22:23
By Dinah
at 2021-02-10T12:27
at 2021-02-10T12:27
By Oliver
at 2021-02-15T10:54
at 2021-02-15T10:54
By Steve
at 2021-02-15T17:56
at 2021-02-15T17:56
By Tom
at 2021-02-19T01:00
at 2021-02-19T01:00
By Edith
at 2021-02-22T08:01
at 2021-02-22T08:01
By Charlotte
at 2021-02-26T08:02
at 2021-02-26T08:02
By Caitlin
at 2021-03-01T23:28
at 2021-03-01T23:28
By Enid
at 2021-03-06T13:55
at 2021-03-06T13:55
By Jessica
at 2021-03-08T22:04
at 2021-03-08T22:04
By Daniel
at 2021-03-12T23:38
at 2021-03-12T23:38
By Candice
at 2021-03-16T03:27
at 2021-03-16T03:27
By Rae
at 2021-03-16T10:40
at 2021-03-16T10:40
By Hardy
at 2021-03-16T17:21
at 2021-03-16T17:21
By Margaret
at 2021-03-21T04:29
at 2021-03-21T04:29
By Xanthe
at 2021-03-21T22:59
at 2021-03-21T22:59
By Poppy
at 2021-03-24T09:38
at 2021-03-24T09:38
By Freda
at 2021-03-27T14:26
at 2021-03-27T14:26
By Frederica
at 2021-03-29T00:39
at 2021-03-29T00:39
By Lily
at 2021-04-01T13:06
at 2021-04-01T13:06
By Daniel
at 2021-04-06T00:29
at 2021-04-06T00:29
By Faithe
at 2021-04-10T00:59
at 2021-04-10T00:59
By Ina
at 2021-04-13T18:55
at 2021-04-13T18:55
By Zanna
at 2021-04-15T22:05
at 2021-04-15T22:05
By Tom
at 2021-04-19T17:22
at 2021-04-19T17:22
By Hedda
at 2021-04-22T14:41
at 2021-04-22T14:41
By Sarah
at 2021-04-24T07:37
at 2021-04-24T07:37
By Emma
at 2021-04-27T00:31
at 2021-04-27T00:31
By Mary
at 2021-04-30T04:50
at 2021-04-30T04:50
By Zanna
at 2021-05-01T13:08
at 2021-05-01T13:08
By Joe
at 2021-05-02T05:15
at 2021-05-02T05:15
By Hedda
at 2021-05-03T23:42
at 2021-05-03T23:42
By Adele
at 2021-05-05T16:30
at 2021-05-05T16:30
By Emma
at 2021-05-08T09:42
at 2021-05-08T09:42
By Kama
at 2021-05-12T15:52
at 2021-05-12T15:52
By Carol
at 2021-05-15T08:26
at 2021-05-15T08:26
By Elma
at 2021-05-16T15:32
at 2021-05-16T15:32
By Ida
at 2021-05-21T11:38
at 2021-05-21T11:38
By Sandy
at 2021-05-22T09:49
at 2021-05-22T09:49
By Ethan
at 2021-05-23T13:10
at 2021-05-23T13:10
By Zenobia
at 2021-05-24T23:27
at 2021-05-24T23:27
By David
at 2021-05-29T12:27
at 2021-05-29T12:27
By Rebecca
at 2021-05-31T15:06
at 2021-05-31T15:06
By Todd Johnson
at 2021-06-03T10:35
at 2021-06-03T10:35
By Ophelia
at 2021-06-06T18:32
at 2021-06-06T18:32
By Lucy
at 2021-06-10T15:40
at 2021-06-10T15:40
By Puput
at 2021-06-12T21:21
at 2021-06-12T21:21
By Faithe
at 2021-06-15T16:12
at 2021-06-15T16:12
By Necoo
at 2021-06-16T07:14
at 2021-06-16T07:14
By Zenobia
at 2021-06-19T10:23
at 2021-06-19T10:23
By Zenobia
at 2021-06-20T22:26
at 2021-06-20T22:26
By Charlotte
at 2021-06-25T19:42
at 2021-06-25T19:42
By Eartha
at 2021-06-30T07:29
at 2021-06-30T07:29
By Daph Bay
at 2021-07-04T08:32
at 2021-07-04T08:32
By Dinah
at 2021-07-07T18:16
at 2021-07-07T18:16
By Mason
at 2021-07-12T14:53
at 2021-07-12T14:53
By Todd Johnson
at 2021-07-15T19:57
at 2021-07-15T19:57
By Zenobia
at 2021-07-16T21:50
at 2021-07-16T21:50
By Madame
at 2021-07-17T08:52
at 2021-07-17T08:52
By John
at 2021-07-21T04:41
at 2021-07-21T04:41
Related Posts
美式肌肉車好開嗎
By Edward Lewis
at 2019-12-07T03:33
at 2019-12-07T03:33
連鎖 汽車美容糾紛 經驗分享
By Leila
at 2019-12-07T01:51
at 2019-12-07T01:51
美式肌肉車好開嗎
By Lucy
at 2019-12-07T00:15
at 2019-12-07T00:15
北部車聚,12月7號晚上,木柵動物園
By Blanche
at 2019-12-06T23:45
at 2019-12-06T23:45
阿基拉試駕 T-cross
By Ophelia
at 2019-12-06T23:33
at 2019-12-06T23:33