IIHS: 敞篷車安全風險沒有比其他車高 - 汽車

來源：
https://bit.ly/2Nyicjq

Crash statistics show no added risk for convertibles

Convertibles may not look as safe as other vehicles when they’re cruising
down the highway with the top down, but crash statistics tell a different
story, a new IIHS study shows.

IIHS 的新研究表明，雖然看起來敞篷車收起頂篷時在高速公路上行駛似乎安全
性不如其他車輛，但碰撞統計數據有不同結論。

Despite the relatively flimsy appearance of their roof structures, late-model
convertibles are no riskier than nonconvertibles, according to the analysis
of crash and fatality rates.

根據車禍和死亡率的分析，儘管頂篷結構的外觀相對脆弱，但是新款的敞篷車
並沒有比非敞篷車的風險更高。

In fact, both crash rates and driver death rates were lower for convertibles
than for nonconvertible versions of the same cars. However, the differences
in driver death rates weren’t statistically significant.

事實上，敞篷車的事故發生率和駕駛死亡率均低於同一款車型的非敞篷版，只
不過，駕駛員死亡率在統計學上並沒有顯著的差異。

“These findings don’t suggest that convertibles offer better protection for
their occupants than other cars, but they do indicate there’s no statistical
basis for concerns that the lack of a permanent roof makes them more
dangerous,” said Eric Teoh, IIHS director of statistical services, who wrote
the paper.

撰寫這篇論文的IIHS 統計主管Eric Teoh 表示："這些發現並不表示敞篷車為
乘客提供了比其他車更好的保護，但它們確實表明沒有永久性車頂會更加危險
的這種疑慮沒有統計依據"。

Teoh compared the rates of driver deaths and police-reported crashes per
miles traveled for convertible and nonconvertible versions of 1-5-year-old
models during 2014-18. He also compared the circumstances and driver
behaviors associated with the fatal crashes, looking at factors like point of
impact and whether the driver was ejected from the vehicle, as well as
impairment and seat belt use.

Teoh 比較了2014-18年間車齡1-5年之間的敞篷版和非敞篷版車輛的駕駛死亡率
以及警方報告的每英里事故發生率，同時還比較了致死事故發生時的相關環境
和駕駛行爲，研究了諸如撞擊點、駕駛是否被拋出車外、是否受到傷害以及是
否使用安全帶等因素。

Data on drivers killed in crashes came from the Fatality Analysis Reporting
System maintained by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA). Information about the number of police-reported crashes was from the
National Automotive Sampling System General Estimates System and the Crash
Report Sampling System that replaced it in 2016, also maintained by NHTSA.

事故駕駛死亡率數據來自NHTSA 維護的致死事故分析報告系統。

Teoh found that convertibles were involved in 6 percent fewer police-reported
crashes per miles traveled than their conventional counterparts. Driver death
rates were 11 percent lower. However, the likelihood that the driver was
ejected from the vehicle in the event of a fatal crash was higher for
convertibles than conventional versions.

Teoh 發現，與傳統非敞篷的轎跑版相比，警方報告的敞篷車每行駛1英里的事
故發生率減少了6%，駕駛死亡率降低了11%。但是，敞篷車發生致死事故時駕駛
被拋出車外的可能性更高。

Previous research has shown that for conventional cars a stronger roof
reduces the risk of a serious or fatal injury as well as the likelihood of
ejection in the event of a rollover crash. IIHS added a roof-strength
evaluation to its crashworthiness testing program in 2009, making a good
rating a requirement for the TOP SAFETY PICK award a year later.

之前的研究表明，傳統汽車有更堅固的車頂，可以降低發生嚴重傷害或致死傷
害的風險，同時在發生側翻事故時減少被拋出車外的可能性。2009年，IIHS 碰
撞測試程序中增加了一項車頂強度的評估，2010年開始也成爲獲得TOP SAFETY PICK
評價的必要條件。

Both stretched-fabric and retractable-hardtop convertibles are exempt from
NHTSA’s current roof-crush resistance requirements. However, some
manufacturers have voluntarily strengthened the A-pillars on either side of
the windshield and installed roll bars to provide additional protection in
rollover crashes.

軟頂敞篷車以及可伸縮硬頂敞篷車均不滿足NHTSA 當前對車頂抗壓性的要求。
但是，一些汽車製造商自願加強了擋風玻璃兩側的A柱，並安裝了側傾杆，從而
在側翻碰撞中提供額外的保護。

When IIHS evaluated a group of midsize convertibles in 2007, most of the 10
models earned good or acceptable ratings in the front and side crash tests,
though eight had poor or marginal head restraints. Since then, convertibles
have remained a low priority for the testing program due to their small sales
volumes.

2007年，IIHS 曾經對一組中型敞篷車進行評估，儘管10款測試車型中有8款的
頭部安全保護獲得差(Poor) 或及格(Marginal) 的評價，但前方和側面碰撞測
試中，大多數車型都獲得了良好(Good) 或可接受(Acceptable) 的評價。但從
那至今，由於銷量極小，敞篷車的測試計劃仍然不被重視。

This year, the IIHS-affiliated Highway Loss Data Institute also compared
insurance claims data for vehicles available in both convertible and
nonconvertible versions, finding that the convertibles had lower injury rates
and collision claim rates.

今年，IIHS 下屬的公路損失數據研究所還比較了敞篷版和非敞篷版的車輛保險
索賠數據，發現敞篷版的受傷率和碰撞索賠率更低。

Teoh found little difference in most of the circumstances of the fatal
crashes for convertible and nonconvertible vehicles. In both cases, around a
quarter of the fatalities occurred in rollover crashes, about half occurred
in single-vehicle crashes, roughly 60 percent resulted from front-impact
crashes, and about 20 percent from side-impact crashes.

Teoh 發現，大多數情況下敞篷版和非敞篷版發生的致死事故僅有些許不同，兩
類案例之中，大約四分之一的致死事故出現在側翻事故中，大約一半的致死事
故發生在單車事故中，大約60%發生在正面碰撞事故中，大約20%發生在側面碰
撞事故中。

However, 21 percent of the convertible drivers killed in crashes were ejected
from the vehicle, compared with 17 percent for conventional cars. Among
rollover crashes, the likelihood of ejection was 43 percent for convertibles
versus 35 percent for their nonconvertible counterparts.

然而，致死事故中死亡的敞篷車駕駛有21%被拋出車外，而非敞篷版則爲17%，
而在側翻事故中，死亡的敞篷車駕駛員被拋出車外爲43%，非敞篷版爲35%。

Convertible drivers were slightly more likely to be wearing seat belts and
slightly less likely to be speeding, though they were a bit more likely to be
impaired by alcohol. These differences were too small to suggest a big
variation in driver behavior for the two vehicle types.

儘管敞篷車駕駛更容易酒駕，但他們繫上安全帶的比例更高，同時超速行駛的
可能性也更小。不過，這些差異性太小，不足以表明兩種車輛類型的駕駛行爲
有很大差異。

Teoh wasn’t able to account for all possible differences in the way
convertibles are driven, even when comparing to the nonconvertible version of
the same car. For example, it may be that convertible owners more often drive
them in nice weather or on less busy roads, and that could affect crash rates.

即使與同一款車的非敞篷版相比，Teoh 也無法解釋敞篷車駕駛方式的所有可能
差異，舉例來說，敞篷車車主可能更經常在天氣晴朗或不擁堵的道路上開車，
而這可能會影響到事故發生率。

“Based on this study, convertibles don’t appear to pose a particular safety
risk,” Teoh said. “If you’re shopping for a convertible, you should
consider crash test ratings and safety features, just as you would if you
were shopping for any other car.”

根據這項研究，敞篷車似乎沒有特別的安全風險。如果要購買敞篷車，只需要
考慮碰撞測試評價等級和安全功能，就像購買其他任何汽車一樣。

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個人翻譯，若有錯字或疏漏再請各位提醒指正。

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