耐用度大幅提升 Tesla新電池壽命160萬km - 特斯拉
By Ula
at 2019-09-24T16:16
at 2019-09-24T16:16
Table of Contents
原文連結:
https://technews.tw/2019/09/24/tesla-new-battery-160-million-km/
原文內容:
耐用度、性能大幅提升,特斯拉新電池壽命高達 160 萬公里
今年 4 月時,特斯拉執行長馬斯克曾透露,目前正在研發行駛里程高達 100 萬英里(
約 160 萬公里)的超強電池組,更有機會在 2020 年上市。最近特斯拉的電池研究夥伴
新發表的電池論文告訴我們,當時立下的目標有機會實現。
馬斯克 4 月在特斯拉自主投資者日(Tesla Autonomy Investor Day)表示,照理來說目
前電動車能行駛 160 萬公里,其中的驅動器(drive unit)皆以該目標而設計,並已經
過各種設計、測試與驗證。
但現在的電池組壽命無法達成目標,實力不足以支撐野心,雖然說 Model 3 的驅動系統
壽命都能達到 160 萬公里,只不過電池組壽命僅在 30 萬到 50 萬英里(約 48 萬到
80 萬公里),對此,馬斯克指出,特斯拉明年就會推出能使用到 160 萬目標的全新電池
組。
這並非誑語,近日特斯拉的電池研究夥伴 Jeff Dahn 所在的實驗室發表了一篇論文,介
紹使用壽命超過 160 萬公里的電池。
新電池主要研究單晶鎳金屬氫化物(NMC 三元電池)/人工石墨電池技術,以及電解質添
加劑 ODTO,聲稱能提高提高電池的性能和壽命,同時降低成本。其中電池陰極還是以鋰
為主,但由較大的 NMC 晶體組成奈米結構,實驗室研究員受訪時表示,較大的晶體在充
放電時比較不容易因不斷膨脹收縮而破裂,不然晶體破裂後電池性能就容易下降。
為了測試電池性能,團隊也有在加拿大戴爾豪斯大學(Dalhousie University)進行測試
,內容包括:20°C、40°C 和 55°C 溫度下的長時間充放電循環,20°C、40°C 和 55
°C 下的長時間儲存,以及 40°C 的高精度電量分析(high-precision coulometry)。
電池在充放電循環 4,000 次後,容量僅損失 10%,若是在寬溫範圍下(wide
temperature range)充放電循環次數更能提升到 6,000 次以上。相較之下,根據 2014
年的同類型類,電池 1,000 次充放電循環後,電池容量直接損失 50%。
簡言之,科學家認為,新電池組或許能達成 160 萬公里的目標,若用在電池電網儲能技
術,也可以使用超過 20 年。
目前特斯拉電池研究小組已申請專利,若未來研發成功,新電池除了能助一般電動車一臂
之力,也對重型長途卡車、自駕車大有裨益。除此之外,新研究也再一次證實,特斯拉逐
漸擺脫對松下電池的依賴,正在自己研發車用電池。
心得/說明:(30字以上)
論文首頁截圖:
https://i.imgur.com/ATN01nI.png
這新聞沒講到的是,這項實驗長達三年,最近才終於寫成論文
整篇文的重點大概能濃縮成這句話:"4~6000次循環後容量只損失10%"
因為能達到這麼低的損耗,大概是目前Tesla 所用電池的2~4倍
所以Elon Musk 講的電池可用100萬英哩(160萬公里) 才變的有可能
再加上馬達與電子元件的高耐用性,都是為了將來全自駕車做的準備
當時他說電池可用百萬英哩很多人以為他在吹牛
現在這篇論文說明這不是吹牛,大概一兩年內很快就會變成現實
延伸閱讀:
[情報] Tesla 正在設計新電池組,壽命一百萬英里
#1Sm0S7k_ (car)
https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/car/M.1556088583.A.BBF.html
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